All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Bietti crystalline dystrophy
Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD, Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy) is a rare autosomal recessive retinal disease caused by CYP4V2 mutations, marked by yellow-white retinal crystals, night blindness, and progressive vision loss.
Biexciton
A biexciton is a four-body quasiparticle in a semiconductor, formed when two excitons bind through Coulomb attraction; its decay cascade is a leading source of entangled photon pairs.
Bif Naked
Bif Naked (Beth Torbert, born 1971, New Delhi) is a Canadian Juno-winning punk/alternative rock singer known for I Bificus (1998), "Spaceman," and the 2024 album Champion, distinct from unrelated BIF organizations and naked motorcycles.
Bifa Ji
Bifa Ji (笔法记) is a treatise on ink landscape painting attributed to the Five Dynasties painter Jing Hao, and the first Chinese work devoted to landscape theory.
Bifacial perovskite solar cells
Bifacial perovskite solar cells are photovoltaic devices that generate electricity from light hitting both surfaces, collecting reflected light (albedo) from behind to exceed the yield limit of one-sided cells.
Bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells stack a wide-bandgap perovskite top cell on a silicon bottom cell, collecting sunlight plus ground-reflected albedo for 10 to 30% more energy.
Bifacial solar cell
A bifacial solar cell is a photovoltaic cell that captures light on both its front and rear faces, credited to Antonio Luque, who patented a practical design in 1976.
Bifactor model
The bifactor model is a factor analysis model where every item loads on one general factor and at most one orthogonal group factor, introduced by Holzinger and Swineford in 1937.
Bifascicular block
Bifascicular block, also called bifascicular heart block, is an ECG conduction disorder affecting two of three His-Purkinje fascicles (RBBB plus LAFB or LPFB, or LBBB), risking complete AV block, syncope, and pacemaker decisions.
Bifenazate
Bifenazate is a selective carbazate acaricide used to control all growth stages of spider mites on fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals, commercialized in 1999 under trade names including Floramite.
Bifendate
Bifendate (联苯双酯, DDB, CAS 73536-69-3) is a Chinese synthetic ALT-lowering hepatoprotective drug derived from schisandrin C of Schisandra chinensis, developed in the 1970s and marketed in the early 1980s.
Bifenox
Bifenox (methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate), a diphenyl ether herbicide controlling broadleaved weeds and some grasses; inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, EU-approved to 2027, non-persistent in soil, highly toxic to algae.
Bifenthrin
Bifenthrin (CAS 82657-04-3) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and miticide, first US EPA-registered in 1985, used on crops and in homes; highly toxic to fish and bees, restricted use pesticide.
Bifeprunox
Bifeprunox (DU 127090), an unapproved dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A partial agonist antipsychotic for schizophrenia; FDA rejected it in 2007 and Solvay-Lundbeck stopped development in 2009.
Biff F. Palmer
Biff F. Palmer is an American nephrologist, professor at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, known for widely cited NEJM reviews on hyperkalemia and salicylate toxicity.
Biff Tannen
Biff Tannen, also Buford "Biff" Howard Tannen, is the bully antagonist of the Back to the Future trilogy, played by Thomas F. Wilson in multiple eras; his Part II sports-almanac alternate 1985 was confirmed by Bob Gale as based on Donald Trump.
Biff Wiff
Biff Wiff, born Gary Crotty, was an American character actor (1948 to 2025) whose profane Santa on I Think You Should Leave became one of the show's most-quoted sketches.
Biffy Clyro
Biffy Clyro, also known as Team Biffy, are a Scottish rock trio formed in Kilmarnock in 1995: Simon Neil with twins James and Ben Johnston. Known for Puzzle (2007), four UK number-one albums including Futique (2025), and the Matt Cardle Christmas Number 1 cover of Many Of Horror.
Bifid nose
Bifid nose (cleft nose, double nose, internasal dysplasia) is a rare congenital midline nasal cleft, Tessier 0, ranging from a columellar groove to two half noses; airway usually adequate, associated with frontonasal dysplasia and hypertelorism.
Bifid rib
A bifid rib, also called a bifurcated or forked rib, is a congenital anomaly where a rib splits into two branches at its sternal end.
Bifid scrotum
Bifid scrotum, also called scrotal cleft, is a congenital midline cleft of the scrotum from incomplete labioscrotal fold fusion, usually with severe hypospadias, sometimes signaling a disorder of sex development requiring genetic evaluation.
Bifid uvula
Bifid uvula (cleft uvula, uvular cleft): a congenital split of the uvula, the mildest form of cleft palate, seen in roughly 2% of people. Usually isolated and harmless, but a marker for possible submucous cleft palate and syndromes such as Loeys-Dietz.
Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium, bifidobacteria, genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic, high-G+C Actinobacteria first isolated by Tissier in 1899; dominant in breast-fed infant guts, probiotic species, bifid shunt metabolism, open pan-genome.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Reuter 1963) is an abundant human gut bifidobacterial species, a resistant-starch degrader and probiotic studied in pediatric IBS, sarcopenia, and inflammatory disease associations.
Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium animalis (B. lactis) is a Gram-positive gut and dairy bacterium in two subspecies, animalis and lactis; subsp. lactis strains such as BB-12 are widely used probiotics.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) is a probiotic subspecies of B. animalis used in fermented dairy, supplements, and infant formula; strains include BB-12, HN019, and B420, with FDA GRAS status and evidence for improved defecation frequency.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, a Chr. Hansen probiotic strain held since 1983, genome 1,942,198 bp published 2010, GRAS notices GRN 49 and 856, acid- and bile-tolerant, studied for bowel, diarrhea, and immune outcomes.
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bacillus bifidus, Tissier 1900) is a Gram-positive gut commensal of breast-fed infants and fermented dairy, type species of Bifidobacterium, metabolizes human milk oligosaccharides and mucin, and is used as a probiotic, notably strain MIMBb75 for IBS.
Bifidobacterium breve
Bifidobacterium breve (Reuter 1963) is an anaerobic, high-GC infant gut bacterium and probiotic species; strains M-16V and MCC1274 are GRAS/QPS-listed and used in preterm-infant and cognitive trials.
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V
Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, an infant-gut-derived probiotic strain commercialized by Morinaga Milk Industry, holds US FDA GRAS status (GRNs 453, 454, 455) for foods and infant formula and is used in over 120 neonatal intensive care units.