All articles starting with B
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Bifidobacterium longum
Bifidobacterium longum (subspecies longum, infantis, suis) is an anaerobic Gram-positive gut commensal and probiotic; its 2.26 Mb NCC2705 genome devotes over 8% of genes to oligosaccharide metabolism, and trials support reduced infant necrotizing enterocolitis risk.
Bifidobacterium longum BB536
Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (ATCC BAA-999), a probiotic strain isolated from a healthy infant in 1969 and sold by Morinaga since 1977; FDA GRAS via GRN 268 (foods) and GRN 877 (term infant formula).
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (formerly B. infantis) is an infant gut bacterium, type strain ATCC 15697, that uniquely consumes all human milk oligosaccharides; strains M-63, DSM 33361, and LMG 11588 are GRAS-listed probiotics.
Bifluxon
The bifluxon is a symmetry-protected superconducting qubit encoding information in the parity of fluxons, introduced at Rutgers and other universities in 2020 with demonstrated tenfold decay protection.
Bifocals
Bifocal lenses are spectacle lenses with two distinct powers, distance above and a near segment below separated by a visible line, prescribed chiefly to correct presbyopia; long attributed to Benjamin Franklin in 1785.
Bifonazole
Bifonazole (Canespor, Mycospor) is a halogen-free imidazole topical antifungal, ATC D01AC10, marketed since 1982. Its 1% cream, gel, solution, and powder are applied once daily for dermatophytoses, cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriasis versicolor.
Bifora
Bifora (bishop, Hohlsame) is a genus of two annual Apiaceae species, B. radians and B. testiculata, native from the Mediterranean to Central Asia; B. testiculata is a declared crop weed in Australia, B. radians a Turkish spice plant.
Bifröst
Bifröst (Old Norse Bifrǫst, also Bilröst, Ásbrú) is the burning rainbow bridge between Midgard and Asgard in Norse mythology, guarded by Heimdall at Himinbjörg and foretold to break under Múspell's sons at Ragnarök.
Bifrost Cable System
The Bifrost Cable System is a trans-Pacific submarine communications cable linking Singapore to the California coast through Indonesia, the Philippines, and Guam, in service from 2025.
Bifukumon-in
Bifukumon-in (美福門院), born Fujiwara no Tokushi, was the consort of retired Emperor Toba and mother of Emperor Konoe, who shaped Japan's imperial succession in the 1140s and 1150s.
Bifunctional adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis protein CobU/CobP
CobU/CobP is a small bifunctional bacterial enzyme (EC 2.7.1.156) of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis: an adenosylcobinamide kinase and guanylyltransferase forming AdoCbi-GDP via a covalent CobU-GMP intermediate at His-46, encoded by cobU in enteric bacteria and cobP in Pseudomonas denitrificans.
Bifunctional chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase T-protein
T-protein (TyrA) of E. coli and enteric bacteria: a 373-residue homodimeric bifunctional enzyme, chorismate mutase plus prephenate dehydrogenase, converting chorismate to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in tyrosine biosynthesis, feedback-inhibited by tyrosine.
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase
Bifunctional DHFR-TS, also called TS-DHFR, is a fused two-enzyme polypeptide of folate metabolism found in protozoan parasites and plants but not humans, with DHFR at the N-terminus, TS at the C-terminus, and a key antimalarial drug target in Plasmodium falciparum.
Bifunctional diterpene synthases
Bifunctional diterpene synthases (DCSs) are fused γβα tridomain enzymes combining class II cyclase and class I synthase activity, converting GGPP via CPP to diterpenes such as ent-kaurene; found in plants, fungi, and, since 2024, bacteria, underpinning plant TPS family origin.
Bifunctional enzyme deficiency
Bifunctional enzyme deficiency (D-bifunctional protein deficiency, DBIF, pseudo-Zellweger syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive peroxisomal beta-oxidation disorder caused by HSD17B4 mutations, causing neonatal hypotonia, seizures, and VLCFA accumulation.
Bifunctional kinase-pyrophosphorylase
Bifunctional kinase-pyrophosphorylase (InterPro IPR005177) is a bacterial protein kinase family, prototyped by HPr kinase/phosphorylase (HprK/P), a Walker A P-loop hexameric enzyme that both phosphorylates and phosphorolytically dephosphorylates Ser46 of HPr, controlling catabolite repression.
Bifunctional metal/hydroxide interface mechanism for alkaline hydrogen evolution
The bifunctional metal/hydroxide interface mechanism explains alkaline hydrogen evolution on catalysts like platinum/Ni(OH)2, where hydroxide sites dissociate water and adjacent metal sites recombine hydrogen into H2.
Bifurcation analysis
Bifurcation analysis is a mathematical and computational method for studying how a dynamical system's qualitative behavior changes as parameters vary, tracing branches of equilibria and periodic orbits through numerical continuation.
Bifurcation diagram
A bifurcation diagram is a plot showing how a dynamical system's fixed points or long-term behavior change as a control parameter is varied, with bifurcation points where behavior shifts qualitatively.
Bifurcation theory
Bifurcation theory is the branch of dynamical systems theory describing qualitative changes in a system's behavior as a control parameter varies, such as equilibria giving way to oscillations.
Big (film)
Big is a 1988 American fantasy comedy directed by Penny Marshall, starring Tom Hanks as a 13-year-old boy transformed into an adult after wishing on a Zoltar machine.
Big (빅) (TV series)
Big (빅) is a 2012 KBS2 Monday-Tuesday fantasy romantic comedy by the Hong sisters, starring Gong Yoo and Lee Min-jung in a soul-swap premise; it ran 16 episodes from June 4 to July 24, 2012, averaging 8.5% ratings.
Big & Rich
Big & Rich: American country duo of Big Kenny (William Kenneth Alphin) and John Rich, formed in Nashville in 2003, known for "Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)", the MuzikMafia, and the triple-platinum debut Horse of a Different Color.
BIG 1-98 trial
BIG 1-98 (NCT00004205), a phase III trial by IBCSG/Breast International Group, randomized 8,010 postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer to letrozole or tamoxifen, alone or sequenced, showing letrozole improved disease-free survival.
Big 12 Championship Game
The Big 12 Championship Game, also called the Big XII Championship Game, is the annual college football title game of the Big 12 Conference, reinstated in 2017.
Big 12 Conference
The Big 12 Conference is a 16-university NCAA Division I athletic conference founded in 1996, headquartered in Irving, Texas, under Commissioner Brett Yormark; a Power Four league with an automatic College Football Playoff football berth.
Big a
Big A (打大A, da da A) is an Inner Mongolian five-player climbing card game with two 54-card decks; holders of two identical Aces partner against three opponents, with bombs, capturing Fours, and zero-sum scoring.
Big air (snowboarding)
Big air snowboarding is a judged freestyle discipline in which each rider performs a single jump off one large kicker, joined to the Winter Olympic program at PyeongChang 2018.
Big Apple
The Big Apple, New York City's nickname, was popularized by racing writer John J. Fitz Gerald from 1921, spread by 1930s jazz musicians, and revived officially in 1971.
Big Arch (hamburger)
Big Arch is McDonald's largest hamburger: two quarter-pound beef patties, three slices of white cheddar, crispy onions, pickles, lettuce, and Big Arch sauce. First launched in Portugal in July 2024, permanent in the UK from January 2026, US launch March 3, 2026.