All articles starting with B
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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA, McCain–Feingold, Public Law 107-155) amended FECA to ban national-party soft money, regulate electioneering communications, and raise hard-money limits; key parts were later struck down in Citizens United (2010).
Bipartisanship
Bipartisanship is cooperation between opposing political parties used mainly in two-party systems like the United States. It serves as both a practical necessity and a rhetorical standard.
Bipartite graph
A bipartite graph is a graph whose vertices split into two sets with every edge joining the sets, equivalent to having no odd cycle; used in matching and assignment problems.
Bipartite talus
Bipartite talus (talus bipartitus) is a rare congenital anomaly of two non-fused talar fragments at the posterior talar process, causing adolescent ankle pain; treated by fixation, excision, or fusion.
Bipasha Basu
Bipasha Basu (বিপাশা বসু), Indian actress and model born 1979 in New Delhi, raised in Kolkata. Won Godrej Cinthol Supermodel 1996; Filmfare Best Female Debut for Ajnabee (2001); hit films Raaz, Jism, Dhoom 2, Race; returns in Hansal Mehta's Barabanki.
Bipasha Basu filmography
Bipasha Basu filmography: over 50 Hindi films by the Indian actress and former model (born 1979), from her debut Ajnabee (2001) and Raaz (2002) through Dhoom 2, Corporate, Race, and Alone (2015), plus the 2020 web series Dangerous.
Bipedal crouched walking
Bipedal crouched walking is a two-legged walking style used mainly by humanoid robots, in which the knees stay bent instead of straightening as human knees do.
Bipedal fall control
Bipedal fall control lets a two-legged humanoid robot detect that a fall is unavoidable, execute maneuvers that reduce impact damage, and recover to a working state.
Bipedal walking pattern generation
Bipedal walking pattern generation computes center-of-mass and foot trajectories that keep a two-legged humanoid robot dynamically balanced while walking, most often through zero-moment point preview control and model predictive control.
Bipedal walking robustness metrics
Bipedal walking robustness metrics quantify a walking robot's ability to avoid falling under disturbances, including classical measures and the Gait Sensitivity Norm introduced in 2007.
Bipedalism
Bipedalism, also called bipedal locomotion, is movement on two legs. Humans are the only obligate bipeds among living primates, a trait dating back millions of years.
Biperiden
Biperiden (Akineton) is a centrally acting, M1-selective antimuscarinic drug used for parkinsonism, neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, and as a cognitive challenge model in research; typical oral dose 2 mg 1-3 times daily.
Bipes
Bipes is a genus of Mexican amphisbaenian (worm lizards), family Bipedidae, the only amphisbaenians with forelimbs; three species, B. biporus, B. canaliculatus, B. tridactylus, with five, four, and three clawed digits.
Biphasic amine CO2 capture solvents
Biphasic amine CO2 capture solvents, also called phase-change or de-mixing solvents, are absorbents for post-combustion carbon capture that split into two phases once loaded, so only the CO2-rich fraction is regenerated.
Biphasic calcium phosphate
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is a bioceramic bone substitute combining hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in varying ratios, so resorption can be tuned, and it is used in dental and orthopedic bone grafting.
Biphasic cuirass ventilation
Biphasic cuirass ventilation (BCV) is a noninvasive ventilation technique in which a rigid chest shell delivers alternating negative and positive pressures to ventilate the lungs.
Biphenol
Biphenol, also known as dihydroxybiphenyl, is an organic compound with formula C12H10O2, two phenol rings joined by a single bond, used to make polyesters and polycarbonates.
Biphenyl
Biphenyl, also called diphenyl or phenylbenzene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon of two bonded benzene rings with formula C12H10, found in coal tar and used in pesticides.
Biphenylene network
The biphenylene network (BPN) is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope of sp² carbon in four-, six-, and eight-membered rings, predicted in 2010 and synthesized in 2021 as a monolayer on gold, where it proved metallic.
Biphobia
Biphobia is prejudice and discrimination against bisexual people, also called binegativity; related to monosexism and bi-erasure, it comes from both straight and gay/lesbian communities and is linked to bisexual mental health disparities.
Bipin Chandra Pal (বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল)
Bipin Chandra Pal (বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল, 1858–1932), Bengali nationalist, journalist and theorist, the Pal of Lal–Bal–Pal; founded Bande Mataram (1906), led Swadeshi agitation, championed composite nationality, jailed 1907, opposed Gandhi's non-cooperation.
Bipin Rawat (बिपिन रावत)
Bipin Rawat (बिपिन रावत), 1958–2021, Indian Army four-star general and India's first Chief of Defence Staff from December 2019; earlier Chief of Army Staff; championed theaterisation; died in a Mi-17 V5 crash near Coonoor, Tamil Nadu.
Bipin Shah
Bipin Shah is a Silicon Valley semiconductor and software entrepreneur, one of eight cofounders of TiE in 1992 and CEO of Kovair Software from 2006 to 2023.
Bipin V. Vora
Bipin V. Vora is a chemical engineer who led UOP petrochemical processes including Oleflex, methanol-to-olefins, and solid-acid linear alkylbenzene technology, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2018.
Biplab Kumar Deb (বিপ্লব কুমার দেব)
Biplab Kumar Deb (বিপ্লব কুমার দেব), born 1971 in Udaipur, Tripura, is a BJP politician, Chief Minister of Tripura 2018-2022, Rajya Sabha member 2022-2024, and now Lok Sabha MP from Tripura West.
Biplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two wings stacked one above the other and joined by struts; it was the first successful airplane type, dominant until the 1920s.
Biplot
A biplot is a graphical method in multivariate statistics that displays the observations and variables of a data matrix in one plot, introduced by K. R. Gabriel in 1971.
BIPM Circular T
BIPM Circular T is the monthly publication of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, published since 1988, that provides national time institutes traceability to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Bipod
Bipod: a two-legged firearm support for steady aimed fire, from 1919–1925 machine gun patents to Harris (1979) and Atlas precision models; also a 2004 Bill Taylor connection game.
Bipolar disorders
Bipolar disorders, formerly manic depression, are recurrent mood disorders with manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes. About 36 million people worldwide; bipolar I and II types; treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and psychotherapy.