All articles starting with B
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Botond Storcz
Botond Storcz, born 1975 in Budapest, is a Hungarian sprint kayaker who won three Olympic golds at Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004 and later coached the national team.
BoTorch
BoTorch is an open-source Python library for Bayesian Optimization research, built on PyTorch and used for hyperparameter optimization, A/B testing, and scientific design; Ax uses it as its optimization backend.
Botoşani
Botoșani is a city in northeastern Romania, the seat of Botoșani County in the historical region of Moldavia, first documented in 1401 and best known as the birthplace of the poet Mihai Eminescu.
Botrylloides
Botrylloides (Milne Edwards, 1841) is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in Styelidae forming sheet-like colonies of zooids linked by blood vessels, distinguished by ladder-system zooid arrangement and whole-body regeneration from vascular fragments.
Botryllus schlosseri
Botryllus schlosseri, the golden star tunicate, is a colonial chordate forming star-shaped colonies of zooids; model for allorecognition (fuhc locus), stem cells, blastogenesis, and aging; also an invasive fouling species.
Botryococcus braunii
Botryococcus braunii is a colony-forming green microalga, described in 1849, that secretes long-chain hydrocarbons into an extracellular matrix rather than storing oil inside its cells, making it a leading candidate for algal biofuel research.
Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea, also known as gray mold, is a necrotrophic fungus attacking more than 500 plant species; on grapes it can also cause noble rot for sweet wines.
Botsa Satyanarayana
Botsa Satyanarayana is an Indian YSR Congress Party politician who serves as Leader of the Opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council, representing the United Visakhapatnam District Local Bodies constituency.
Botshabelo
Botshabelo ("place of refuge") names two South African settlements: an 1865 Berlin Mission station near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, founded by Merensky and Grützner, and a 1979 apartheid resettlement township 55 km east of Bloemfontein, Free State.
Botsotso
Botsotso is a Johannesburg-based South African literary collective and non-profit publisher founded in 1994 by the Botsotso Jesters poetry performance group, publishing a multilingual journal and 50 books.
Botswana
Botswana: landlocked Southern African country, capital Gaborone, independent since 1966. Upper-middle-income diamond economy (world's top producer by value); BDP ruled 58 years until Duma Boko's UDC won the October 2024 election.
Botswana Democratic Party
Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), founded 1962 as Bechuanaland Democratic Party by Seretse Khama, ruled Botswana 1966-2024, winning 12 elections, until its 2024 defeat by the UDC left it with 4 of 61 seats.
Botswana Independence Act 1966
The Botswana Independence Act 1966 is an Act of the UK Parliament that made the Bechuanaland Protectorate an independent republic within the Commonwealth, as Botswana, on 30 September 1966.
Botswana Predator Conservation Trust
Botswana Predator Conservation Trust (BPCT), a Wild Entrust program founded by Tico McNutt in 1989 near Moremi Game Reserve, studies African wild dogs, lions, leopards, cheetahs, and hyaenas, runs the BioBoundary scent-deterrent project, and ranks among Botswana's top research institutions.
Botswana pula
The Botswana pula (BWP) is the currency of Botswana, introduced in 1976 to replace the South African rand; its name means "rain" and it divides into 100 thebe.
Botswana Stock Exchange
The Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) is Botswana's only licensed securities exchange, established in 1994, demutualised in 2018, and listing equities, bonds, and ETFs with 33 equity counters in 2025.
Bott periodicity theorem
The Bott periodicity theorem, proved by Raoul Bott in 1959, states that the stable homotopy groups of the classical groups repeat with period 2 or 8.
Bottarga
Bottarga (avgotaracho, karasumi, batarekh) is salted, pressed, air-dried fish roe, usually grey mullet or tuna, used grated as a Mediterranean seasoning; Sardinia leads production, with Greek PDO avgotaracho and Japanese karasumi as equivalents.
Bottega Veneta
Bottega Veneta is an Italian luxury house founded in Vicenza in 1966 by Michele Taddei and Renzo Zengiaro, known for its logo-free handwoven Intrecciato leather (1975). Owned by Kering since 2001; 2025 revenue €1.7 billion; Creative Director Louise Trotter since January 2025.
Bottero
Bottero S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of machinery for the glass industry, headquartered in Cuneo. Founded in 1957, it makes equipment for flat and container glass production.
Botticelli (Mercurian crater)
Botticelli is a large, heavily degraded pre-Tolstojan impact crater on Mercury in the Shakespeare quadrangle, about 136-143 km across, named after the Italian painter Sandro Botticelli and approved by the IAU in 1979.
Bottino
Bottino (Miniera del Bottino) is a historic lead-silver mine at Stazzema in the Apuane Alps, Tuscany, Italy. Worked from the Middle Ages, reopened by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1542, industrially developed in the 19th century, and definitively closed in 1969.
Bottle (web framework)
Bottle is a fast, simple WSGI micro web-framework for Python distributed as a single file module, offering routing, templates, utilities, and a built-in development server with no dependencies beyond the standard library.
Bottle cell
Bottle cells, or flask cells, are apically constricting amphibian blastopore cells whose shape change marks the start of gastrulation; the term also covers similar cells in sea urchin and sturgeon embryos.
Bottle episode
A bottle episode is a cheaply produced TV episode confined to one or few sets with the regular cast, no guest stars or effects. Term traced to Leslie Stevens' "bottle show"; examples include Breaking Bad's "Fly", Community's "Cooperative Calligraphy", and Seinfeld's "The Chinese Restaurant".
Bottle Feeding
Bottle feeding is giving infants expressed breast milk or infant formula from a bottle with a teat. Covers formula types, safe preparation at 70°C, responsive and paced technique, combination feeding, and history from 2000 BC vessels to modern bottles.
Bottle Radha
Bottle Radha (பாட்டல் ராதா) is a 2025 Tamil comedy-drama, Dhinakaran Sivalingam's debut, starring Guru Somasundaram as an alcoholic mason tricked into rehab, produced by Pa Ranjith's Neelam Productions.
Bottle Rocket
Bottle Rocket (1996) is Wes Anderson's directorial debut feature, co-written with Owen Wilson, about three Texan friends botching petty crimes. It flopped commercially ($500,000 on $5 million) but launched Anderson and the Wilson brothers.
Bottle Shock
Bottle Shock (2008), also known as 와인 미라클, is Randall Miller's comedy-drama starring Alan Rickman, Chris Pine, and Bill Pullman, loosely dramatizing the 1976 Judgment of Paris wine tasting won by Chateau Montelena.
Bottlebrush block copolymer photonic pigments
Bottlebrush block copolymer photonic pigments are micrometer-scale colored particles in which a bottlebrush block copolymer self-assembles into periodic nanostructures reflecting visible light, with tunable color and reflectivity up to 100%.