All articles starting with B
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Bottlebrush elastomers
Bottlebrush elastomers are crosslinked polymer networks whose strands are bottlebrush polymers, densely grafted macromolecules whose architecture suppresses chain entanglement, allowing solvent-free elastomers as soft as biological tissues.
Bottlebrush polymer
A bottlebrush polymer is a macromolecule with polymeric side chains grafted to each repeating unit of a linear backbone, forming a dense cylindrical brush whose steric crowding suppresses chain entanglement.
Bottled in bond
Bottled in bond, or bonded whiskey, is a US legal designation from the Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897: one distiller, one season, four years aged, 100 proof, water only, government-supervised bonded warehouse.
Bottled water
Bottled water, or packaged drinking water, is water sealed in containers for sale, sourced from springs, wells, mineral aquifers, or municipal tap water. Key facts: FDA 250 ppm TDS mineral-water definition, ozone disinfection, USD 285 billion 2020 market, 92-100% microplastic detection.
Bottleneck (K2)
Bottleneck (K2): a 91-m couloir at about 8,200–8,300 m on the Abruzzi Spur, 400 m below K2's summit, crossed by all main routes beneath a 90-m serac; site of most K2 deaths, including 11 in the 2008 disaster.
Bottleneck analysis
Bottleneck analysis is an operations management method that identifies the process stage limiting overall throughput, so improvement effort targets the constraint rather than the whole system.
Bottleneck model
The bottleneck model is an economic model of peak congestion, formulated by William Vickrey in 1969, in which drivers queue at a fixed-capacity point and trade queuing delay against arriving early or late.
Bottlenose dolphin
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): a large-brained, highly social delphinid of worldwide temperate and tropical waters; known for mirror self-recognition, vocal learning, echolocation, and coastal ecotype taxonomy; MMPA-protected in U.S. waters.
Bottom (TV series)
Bottom is the BBC Two slapstick sitcom (1991-1995) written by and starring Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson as Richie Richard and Eddie Hitler, two unemployed losers in a Hammersmith flat; it spawned five stage tours and Guest House Paradiso.
Bottom bracket
The bottom bracket is the bicycle component, in the frame's shell, carrying the bearings and axle on which the pedal cranks rotate; it comes in many incompatible standards.
Bottom dump truck
A bottom dump truck, also called a belly dump, unloads gravel, sand, and asphalt through clamshell gates in the trailer floor, dropping it in an even windrow.
Bottom of the Wave
Bottom of the Wave (Qararat al-Mawja) is the third poetry collection of the Iraqi poet Nazik al-Mala'ika, published in Beirut in 1957 during the rise of Arabic free verse.
Bottom outlet (dam)
A bottom outlet, also called a low-level outlet, is a gated conduit through a dam near the reservoir base, used for emergency drawdown, water level control, and sediment flushing.
Bottom quark
The bottom quark (symbol b), also called the beauty quark, is the fifth and second-heaviest quark of the Standard Model, discovered at Fermilab in 1977.
Bottom simulating reflector
A bottom simulating reflector (BSR) is a seismic reflection in marine sediment that mimics the seafloor and crosscuts layers, commonly indicating gas hydrate below continental margins.
Bottom trawling
Bottom trawling is a fishing method that drags cone-shaped nets along the seabed to catch bottom-dwelling species, landing about 19 million tonnes annually, nearly a quarter of wild marine catches.
Bottom-tier Character Tomozaki (弱キャラ友崎くん)
弱キャラ友崎くん (Bottom-Tier Character Tomozaki) is a Japanese school rom-com light novel series by Yuki Yaku and Fly in Shogakukan's Gagaga Bunko, 2016 to final volume Lv.12 (October 2026), about gamer Fumiya Tomozaki coached in life by Aoi Hinami; adapted into a manga and two anime seasons.
Bottom-up control (ecology)
Bottom-up control is the regulation of a food web from its base, where resources like nutrients determine higher trophic levels, contrasting with top-down control by predators.
Bottom-up cut-and-cover construction
Bottom-up cut-and-cover construction is a tunnelling method in which a full-depth trench is opened, the tunnel is built from the floor upward, and the trench is backfilled.
Bottom-up proteomics
Bottom-up proteomics is a mass spectrometry method that digests proteins into peptides, usually with trypsin, and infers which proteins were present, and in what amounts, from the peptides identified.
Bottoming cycle
A bottoming cycle generates electricity from waste heat rejected by another process or heat engine, as in combined cycle plants, where it follows the gas turbine topping cycle.
Bottomland hardwood forest
A bottomland hardwood forest is a seasonally flooded deciduous forest on the river floodplains of the southeastern and south-central United States, dominated by gum, oak, and baldcypress.
Bottomless Lakes State Park
Bottomless Lakes State Park, New Mexico's first state park (1933), near Roswell: a chain of eight sinkhole lakes, 17 to 90 feet deep, fed by artesian groundwater, with swimming at Lea Lake, camping, and trails.
Bottomless Pit (album)
Bottomless Pit is Death Grips' fifth studio album, released May 6, 2016 on Third Worlds/Harvest; 13 tracks in 39 minutes, following Interview 2016, with Nick Reinhart guitars, free stems, and a Metacritic score of 80.
Bottoms (film)
Bottoms is a 2023 American teen sex comedy directed by Emma Seligman, starring Rachel Sennott and Ayo Edebiri as unpopular seniors who start a girls' fight club.
Bottrop
Bottrop, a county-free city of about 117,000 in Germany's Ruhr area, grew around coal mining from 1856, closed its last mine in 2018, and is known for the Tetraeder landmark, InnovationCity climate program, Movie Park Germany, and the Alpincenter indoor ski slope.
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum toxin, the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin behind Botox and botulism, blocks acetylcholine release; seven serotypes A–G, FDA-approved medically since 1989, lethal in nanogram doses.
Botulinum toxin injection
Botulinum toxin injection is a medical treatment in which botulinum neurotoxin is injected into muscles or glands, temporarily reducing muscle activity or secretion for many conditions.
Botulism
Botulism is a rare paralytic illness from botulinum toxin made by Clostridium botulinum, occurring as foodborne, infant, wound, inhalation, or iatrogenic forms; treated with antitoxin and ventilation.
Botzdorf Roman villa
Villa Fortuna, the Botzdorf Roman villa, is a villa rustica in Bornheim, Germany, found in May 2002 with bath, hypocaust, and frescoes; named for a Fortuna statue; conserved from 2014.