All articles starting with B
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Braiden Graham
Braiden Graham is a Northern Irish forward who became Linfield's youngest-ever senior player at 15 before moving to Everton in 2024, and has been called into the senior Northern Ireland squad.
Braiding (topological)
Topological braiding performs quantum logic gates by moving anyons or defects around one another in 2D space, the central gate mechanism of fault-tolerant topological quantum computation.
Braidwood nuclear power plant
The Braidwood nuclear power plant is a two-unit Westinghouse pressurized water reactor station in Braceville, Illinois, owned by Constellation Energy and generating 2,386 MW, Illinois' largest power plant.
Braidwood, New South Wales
Braidwood is a heritage-listed town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, about an hour east of Canberra, surveyed in 1839 and named for Dr Thomas Braidwood Wilson.
Brăila (city)
Brăila, Danube port city and seat of Brăila County, Romania; Ottoman İbrail 1538-1829, later Wallachia's grain-export hub; 154,686 residents (2021 census), 12th among county seats.
Brăila (district)
Brăila County (Județul Brăila), a county of southeastern Romania on the Danube with seat at Brăila port city; 4,765.76 km², ~281,000 residents (2021), first mentioned 1481, Ottoman raia 1542–1829, reestablished 17 February 1968.
Braille
Braille is a six-dot tactile writing system invented by Louis Braille in 1820s France from Barbier's night writing, published 1829, adopted in France 1854, standardized as Unified English Braille by 2016, and read at about 125 words per minute.
Brain
The brain: three-pound central nervous system organ governing intelligence, senses, movement, and behavior; protected by skull, meninges, and blood-brain barrier; NINDS studies over 600 neurological diseases affecting some 100 million Americans.
Brain (computer virus)
Brain, also known as Pakistani Brain, was a boot sector computer virus released in January 1986, generally regarded as the first virus for the IBM PC.
Brain abscess
Brain abscess: focal pus collection in brain parenchyma after cerebritis, arising from contiguous, hematogenous, or direct inoculation spread; treated with drainage plus 6-8 weeks antibiotics; about 12% case fatality.
Brain age estimation
Brain age estimation is a machine learning method that predicts a person's age from brain MRI features, with the gap serving as a biomarker of brain health.
Brain biopsy
Brain biopsy is a neurosurgical procedure that removes a small sample of brain tissue for microscopic examination, used to diagnose tumors, infections, and inflammatory diseases.
Brain connectivity
Brain connectivity: study of structural and functional connections among brain units at micro, meso, and macro scales; also a peer-reviewed journal (Brain Connect, ISSN 2158-0014) founded 2011 by Mary Ann Liebert, now SAGE.
Brain coral
Brain coral is a common name for massive reef-building stony corals with brain-like ridged surfaces, including Caribbean Diploria and Pseudodiploria and Indo-Pacific Lobophyllia; slow-growing, up to 900 years old, reef foundations threatened by bleaching and disease.
Brain Cortical Thickness
Brain cortical thickness is the millimeter distance between the gray-white boundary and pial surface of the cortex, averaging about 2.5 mm in humans, measured from MRI via FreeSurfer, CAT12, and similar pipelines, and genetically independent of cortical surface area.
Brain Damage
Brain Damage (1988) is Frank Henenlotter's horror comedy, also known by its working title Elmer the Parasite, about Brian (Rick Hearst), who becomes addicted to the blue fluid injected by the brain-eating parasite Aylmer, an allegory for drug addiction.
Brain death
Brain death, or death by neurologic criteria, is permanent loss of whole-brain including brainstem function, shown by coma, absent brainstem reflexes, and failed apnea testing; determined under the 2023 AAN/AAP/CNS/SCCM guideline and legally equivalent to circulatory death under the UDDA.
Brain dopamine-serotonin vesicular transport disease
Brain dopamine-serotonin vesicular transport disease (PKDYS2, brain monoamine vesicular transport disease) is a rare autosomal recessive infantile-onset disorder caused by SLC18A2 mutations impairing VMAT2, causing dystonia, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and developmental delay; dopamine agonists help while levodopa worsens.
Brain Drill
Brain Drill was an American technical death metal band from Santa Cruz, California, formed in 2005 by guitarist Dylan Ruskin and known for extreme playing speeds.
Brain extraction
Brain extraction, also called skull stripping, is an image-analysis step that removes nonbrain tissue such as skull, scalp, and eyes from MRI scans; tools include BET, SynthStrip, and HD-BET.
Brain herniation
Brain herniation: displacement of brain tissue through intracranial barriers (tentorial notch, falx, foramen magnum) from raised intracranial pressure; types include subfalcine, uncal, central, tonsillar; treated with ICP control and decompressive surgery.
Brain Imaging Data Structure
Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS): community standard for organizing neuroimaging and behavioral data in a machine-readable directory hierarchy with JSON sidecars; released 2016, extended via BEPs, used by OpenNeuro and DANDI.
Brain in a vat
Brain in a vat: philosophical thought experiment of a computer-fed disembodied brain, modern form of Descartes' evil demon skepticism; target of Putnam's 1981 self-refutation argument.
Brain injury
Brain injury: acquired brain damage from trauma (TBI) or internal causes such as hypoxic-ischaemic injury; covers acute care, rehabilitation, outcome measurement, and research priorities; distinct from the journal Brain Injury.
Brain ischemia
Brain ischemia (cerebral ischemia) is localized reduction of brain blood flow from arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion, producing a salvageable penumbra around a dying core; treated with thrombolysis and thrombectomy within imaging-defined time windows.
Brain mapping
Brain mapping, also known as brain mapping techniques or a brain map, links brain functions and physiological activity to brain structures using imaging, electrophysiology, and computational analysis.
Brain matures at 25 myth
Brain matures at 25 myth: the popular claim that the brain fully develops at exactly age 25. No study supports the endpoint; the figure traces to a researcher's interview answer, while development continues into the 30s and across adulthood.
Brain metastasis
Brain metastasis: secondary brain cancer spread from a primary tumor, affecting 20-40% of cancer patients; treated with surgery, WBRT, stereotactic radiosurgery, and systemic therapy.
Brain microvascular endothelial cell
Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC), the endothelial cell lining brain capillaries and forming the blood–brain barrier; tight junctions, efflux transporters, immunoregulatory sentinel functions, and single-cell atlas heterogeneity distinguish it.
Brain natriuretic peptide 32
NPPB (BNP, natriuretic peptide B), human protein-coding gene at 1p36.2 encoding the cardiac hormone B-type natriuretic peptide; proBNP yields BNP1-32 and NT-proBNP, the principal heart-failure biomarkers.