All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Brain on Fire
Brain on Fire: Susannah Cahalan's 2012 memoir (also a 2016 Netflix film with Chloë Grace Moretz) about her 2009 psychosis and seizures, diagnosed by Dr. Souhel Najjar as anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, the 217th known case.
Brain on Fire (film)
Brain on Fire is a 2016 biographical drama, also called Brain on Fire: My Month of Madness, directed by Gerard Barrett and starring Chloë Grace Moretz as journalist Susannah Cahalan, misdiagnosed with mental illness before Dr. Souhel Najjar identified anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; premiered at TIFF 2016, released on Netflix June 22, 2018.
Brain positron emission tomography
Brain positron emission tomography (brain PET) is nuclear medicine imaging of living brain function using radiotracers such as FDG, amyloid, and tau agents; used for dementia, epilepsy, and tumor evaluation, with clinical resolution of about 5-10 mm.
Brain Research (journal)
Brain Research is a peer-reviewed neuroscience journal published in Amsterdam by Elsevier since 1966, one of the field's long-running general titles, which later absorbed several specialized spin-off journals.
Brain rot
Brain rot: colloquial term for supposed intellectual decline from consuming trivial online content, and the content itself. Oxford Word of the Year 2024, OED-listed 2025, first recorded in Thoreau's Walden (1854).
Brain Salad Surgery
Brain Salad Surgery is the fourth studio album by Emerson, Lake & Palmer, released in 1973 on their Manticore label, featuring Karn Evil 9, Jerusalem, Toccata, and H.R. Giger's iconic cover art and ELP logo.
Brain size
Brain size: the volume or mass of the brain, measured by MRI in living people and endocranial volume in fossils; mean human cranial capacity 1350–1400 cm³, peaking near 1,450 g before age 25.
Brain stimulation
Brain stimulation is the use of externally applied electrical currents, magnetic fields, or other physical energy to alter nervous system activity, probing brain function and treating neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Brain stimulation reward
Brain stimulation reward is a behavioral neuroscience paradigm in which laboratory animals press a lever for brief electrical stimulation of reward regions like the medial forebrain bundle.
Brain Tissue Transplantation
Brain tissue transplantation moves brain tissue from a fetus or born donor to another organism, studied as a nervous system research tool and investigational therapy.
Brain transplant
Brain transplant: hypothetical whole-brain transfer between bodies, distinct from head transplantation and neural tissue grafting. Key figures: Robert White's 1964 monkey brain and 1970 head transplants; Canavero's unperformed human proposals; spinal cord reconnection remains unsolved.
Brain tumor
Brain tumor: abnormal cell growth in the brain or CNS; primary tumors (gliomas, meningiomas) versus metastatic tumors, WHO grades I-IV, molecular classification, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and survival statistics.
Brain tumor prognosis and outcomes
A brain tumor prognosis estimates how a specific tumor will behave over time. Five-year survival ranges from 92% for non-malignant tumors to about 7% for glioblastoma.
Brain tumor treatment
Brain tumor treatment is the management of tumors inside the skull using surgery, radiation, drugs, and supportive care, chosen by tumor type, molecular profile, and location.
Brain volumetry
Brain volumetry is the measurement of volumes of brain structures such as the hippocampus, typically from MRI scans, used to quantify atrophy in dementia and epilepsy workups.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin acting through TrkB and p75NTR, regulates neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity; its Val66Met polymorphism affects secretion, depression genetics, and cognition.
Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome
Brain-lung-thyroid syndrome (BLTS, NKX2-1-related disorder, choreoathetosis-hypothyroidism-neonatal respiratory distress syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by NKX2-1 (TITF1) mutations at 14q13.3, combining congenital hypothyroidism, infant respiratory distress syndrome, and benign hereditary chorea.
Brain–computer interface
Brain–computer interface (BCI, brain-machine interface): hardware and software that record brain signals and convert them into device commands or feedback; coined by Vidal 1973, first human implant 1998, Utah array standard since 2004.
Brainbow
Brainbow is a genetic labeling technique, reported by Jean Livet and colleagues at Harvard in 2007, that uses Cre-lox recombination to give neighboring neurons different fluorescent colors, allowing their axons to be traced individually.
Brainchild
Brainchild is a 2018 Netflix educational children's science series, also called Brain Child, created by Adam 'Tex' Davis and Jerry Kolber; one 13-episode season hosted by Sahana Srinivasan with Alie Ward and Ben Seidman.
BrainChip
BrainChip Holdings Ltd is an Australian neuromorphic computing company, founded by Peter van der Made, that develops the Akida family of event-based neural processors for low-power edge AI.
BrainCo (强脑科技)
BrainCo (强脑科技) is a brain-computer interface company founded in 2015 by Han Bicheng, the first Chinese team incubated by the Harvard Innovation Lab, developing EEG headbands and prosthetic hands.
BrainDead
BrainDead names two unrelated works: the 2016 CBS comic-thriller by Robert and Michelle King about alien bugs eating politicians' brains in Washington, cancelled after 13 episodes, and Peter Jackson's 1992 New Zealand splatter film Braindead, also released as Dead Alive.
Braindead (film)
Braindead (Dead Alive, 1992) is Peter Jackson's New Zealand zombie splatter comedy in which Lionel Cosgrove's mother, bitten by a Sumatran rat-monkey in 1957 Wellington, becomes a zombie; a 4K restoration screened at TIFF 2025 and Sitges 2026.
Brainfuck
Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Swiss programmer Urban Müller, who built a 240-byte compiler; it has only eight commands yet is Turing-complete.
BrainGate2 trial
BrainGate2 (NCT00912041) is a multicenter pilot clinical trial implanting Utah microelectrode arrays in people with tetraplegia from ALS, spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, or muscular dystrophy, letting them control cursors, robotic arms, and speech decoders with their thoughts.
Brainiac (character)
Brainiac (DC Comics Superman villain, alien AI from Colu) debuted in Action Comics #242 (1958) by Otto Binder and Al Plastino; famous for bottling the city of Kandor and for his Twelfth-Level intellect, making his live-action debut in Man of Tomorrow (2027).
Brainiac 5
Brainiac 5 (Querl Dox) is a DC Comics superhero, a green-skinned 12th-level Coluan genius and descendant of Superman's enemy Brainiac. Created by Siegel and Mooney, debuting in Action Comics #276 (1961), he serves the 30th-century Legion of Super-Heroes, invented its flight rings, and appears in the 2006 cartoon and 2023 animated film.
BrainInjury trial
BrainInjury (NCT02656433, TRNS23062015) is a completed double-blind randomized trial by the Spanish Foundation for Neurometrics Development testing transcranial random noise stimulation plus physiotherapy, 30 sessions over 2 days weekly, in 92 children aged 3-7 with congenital or acquired brain injury, measuring GMFM and EEG outcomes.
Brainlab
Brainlab is a German medical technology company headquartered in Munich and founded by Stefan Vilsmeier in 1989, known for surgical navigation and its Cirq robotic arm for spine surgery.