All articles starting with D
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Design by committee
Design by committee is a pejorative term for a design process in which stakeholders with roughly equal decision-making power build consensus, typically yielding a compromise lacking innovation.
Design by contract
Design by contract (DbC), or programming by contract, is a software development method formulated by Bertrand Meyer in 1986, where components carry formal preconditions, postconditions, and class invariants.
Design development
Design development is the second major phase of the architectural design process, refining the approved schematic design into a coordinated solution covering structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.
Design effect
The design effect (deff or DEFF) is a survey sampling measure comparing a complex design's variance to that of simple random sampling, coined by Leslie Kish in 1965.
Design engineer
A design engineer is an engineer who conceives, models, analyzes, and documents products or systems so they can be manufactured, a job title reported most often under mechanical engineers.
Design flood
A design flood is the flood magnitude a hydraulic structure or protected area is designed to accommodate safely, stated as a peak flow, volume, or water level.
Design for additive manufacturing
Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) is the practice of designing parts to exploit additive manufacturing's capabilities while respecting constraints like overhang limits, build size, and powder removal.
Design for assembly
Design for assembly (DFA) is a manufacturing engineering method that guides product design to reduce part count, assembly time, and cost, pioneered by Boothroyd and Dewhurst.
Design for disassembly
Design for disassembly (DfD) is a design approach that plans products so they can be taken apart at end of life for reuse and recycling.
Design for environment
Design for environment, also called ecodesign, is the practice of integrating environmental aspects into product design and development to reduce environmental impacts throughout a product's life cycle, from raw materials to disposal.
Design for manufacturability
Design for manufacturability (DFM), in quantitative form DFMA, is an engineering methodology that shapes parts and assembly for cheaper manufacture; design fixes about 80% of manufacturing cost.
Design for test
Design for test, also called design for testability, is the practice of designing integrated circuits so they are easier and cheaper to test after fabrication.
Design for testability
Design for testability (DFT), also called design for test, is an engineering discipline that builds test structures into circuits during design so post-manufacturing testing is thorough and economical.
Design for testing
Design for testing (DFT) is a set of circuit design techniques that make hardware faults detectable after manufacture, using scan chains, ATPG, and built-in self-test.
Design for X
Design for X (DFX), also read as Design for Excellence, is a family of engineering methodologies that optimize one aspect of a product design, such as manufacturability, assembly, or reliability.
Design freeze
A design freeze is a project milestone at which a product's design is formally locked; later changes require formal change control, since modifications after the freeze grow far more costly.
Design Interactive
Design Interactive is an Orlando, Florida human-systems engineering firm founded in 1998 by Kay M. Stanney, building AR/VR training systems for military, medical, and aerospace customers.
Design matrix
A design matrix is the matrix of independent-variable values used to fit a statistical model, with one row per observation and one column per model term.
Design of Death
Design of Death (杀生, Sha sheng) is a 2012 Chinese dark comedy-mystery by Guan Hu, starring Huang Bo, Simon Yam, and Alec Su, about a doctor investigating a villager's staged death in Longevity Town; it won two 2012 Golden Horse Awards.
Design of experiments
Design of experiments (DOE) is a statistical discipline for planning experiments so the data yield valid conclusions, built on Fisher's principles of randomization, replication, and blocking.
Design of the FAT file system
The design of the FAT file system describes the File Allocation Table family used from MS-DOS onward, designed and coded by Marc McDonald at Microsoft in 1977.
Design Patterns
Design Patterns, also known as the Gang of Four book, is a 1994 software book cataloging 23 reusable object-oriented design patterns by Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides.
Design rule checking
Design rule checking (DRC) is an automated verification step in electronic design automation that tests whether an integrated circuit layout obeys the geometric restrictions a foundry imposes for manufacturing.
Design science research
Design science research (DSR) is a research methodology, used chiefly in information systems, that creates and evaluates novel artifacts such as systems, models, or methods to solve practical problems.
Design space
A design space, in pharmaceutical manufacturing, is the combination of input variables and process parameters demonstrated to provide assurance of quality, codified in the ICH Q8 guideline of 2005.
Design space exploration
Design space exploration (DSE) is an engineering method that systematically generates and evaluates design alternatives against objectives and constraints, returning the Pareto-optimal front of non-dominated solutions.
Design speed
Design speed is a selected speed used to determine the geometric design features of a roadway, first proposed in 1936 and defined by AASHTO's Green Book since 2001.
Design sprint
A design sprint is a time-boxed workshop method that takes a product team from a framed problem to a prototype tested with real users in about a week.
Design storm
A design storm is a hypothetical rainfall event of specified depth, duration, and probability, defined for designing drainage and flood control infrastructure rather than from a real storm.
Design structure matrix
The design structure matrix (DSM), also called the dependency structure matrix, is a square matrix mapping dependencies among components, tasks, or teams, coined by Donald V. Steward in 1981.