All articles starting with D

Dimethyl sulfate

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), the dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid, is a colorless, oily liquid used industrially as a methylating agent in chemical manufacture, classified as a probable human carcinogen.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a colorless, volatile organosulfur liquid with a disagreeable odor, produced abundantly by marine organisms, which guides foraging seabirds and seals and is used industrially as a gas odorant.

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide, or DMSO, is a colorless organosulfur compound used as a polar aprotic solvent, as the standard cryoprotectant for frozen cells, and in organic synthesis.

Dimethyl sulphide

Dimethyl sulphide (DMS, CAS 75-18-3), also called dimethyl sulfide, is a volatile organosulfur compound (CH3)2S from marine phytoplankton DMSP, a food flavouring, natural gas odorant, cloud-forming climate player, and detected in comets and the interstellar medium.

Dimethyl terephthalate

Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is the dimethyl ester of terephthalic acid, an aromatic compound with formula C₁₀H₁₀O₄ used principally to make polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a product of PET methanolysis recycling.

Dimethylacetamide

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), systematically N,N-dimethylacetamide, is a high-boiling, water-miscible polar aprotic solvent used to dissolve polymers in fiber and membrane production and pharmaceutical synthesis, and is being restricted in the European Union for toxicity.

Dimethylallyltransferase

Dimethylallyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.1, dimethylallyltranstransferase, prenyltransferase) condenses DMAPP and IPP to geranyl diphosphate in isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis; the name also covers tRNA, adenylate (cytokinin), and aromatic DMATS-type dimethylallyltransferases.

Dimethylamine

Dimethylamine, also known as N-methylmethanamine, is a colorless, flammable secondary amine with the formula (CH3)2NH, produced on a large scale as a precursor to solvents such as dimethylformamide.

Dimethylaniline

Dimethylaniline, most commonly N,N-dimethylaniline, is a toxic tertiary aromatic amine, a yellow to brown oily liquid used mainly as an intermediate in dye and vanillin manufacture.

Dimethylarginine

Dimethylarginine refers to two isomers, ADMA and SDMA, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed from methylated arginine in proteins; ADMA inhibits nitric oxide synthase and both are cardiovascular risk markers.

Dimethylethanolamine

Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), also called dimethylaminoethanol or Deanol, is a flammable organic compound made from dimethylamine and ethylene oxide, used mainly as a polyurethane foam catalyst and neutralizing amine for water-based coatings.

Dimethylformamide

Dimethylformamide (DMF), also known as N,N-dimethylmethanamide, is a colorless, water-miscible organic amide with formula HCON(CH3)2, used at large industrial scale as a polar aprotic solvent.

Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency

Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency (DMGDH deficiency) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder, known from a single case with fish-like odor, muscle fatigue, elevated creatine kinase, and 100-fold raised serum dimethylglycine due to the homozygous H109R DMGDH variant.

Dimethylglyoxime

Dimethylglyoxime (dmgH2), also called diacetyl dioxime, is a white crystalline dioxime widely used in analytical chemistry as a chelating reagent that forms an insoluble scarlet precipitate with nickel.

Dimethylmercury

Dimethylmercury is a colorless, volatile organomercury compound and potent neurotoxin that permeates laboratory gloves almost instantly, historically used as an NMR reference standard and linked to several lab fatalities.

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant marine organosulfur osmolyte made by phytoplankton, algae, bacteria, corals, and some plants via methylation, transamination, or decarboxylation pathways, and degraded to DMS, methanethiol, or DMSOP.

Dimethyltryptamine

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid psychedelic, the active compound in ayahuasca, an endogenous sigma-1 receptor agonist, rapidly metabolized by MAO-A with a 9–12 minute intravenous half-life.

Dimethylurea

Dimethylurea, formally 1,3-dimethylurea, is a symmetrical urea derivative with one methyl group on each of urea's two nitrogen atoms, giving formula C₃H₈N₂O. It is a colorless crystalline solid used to synthesize caffeine and in textile finishing.

Dimethylvinphos

Dimethylvinphos (甲基毒虫畏), also called chlorfenvinphos-methyl, is an organophosphate rice insecticide introduced in 1966, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (IRAC 1B) with rat oral LD50 97.5 mg/kg, not approved in the EU and considered obsolete.

Dimetrodon

Dimetrodon, an early Permian sail-backed synapsid (pelycosaur, sphenacodontid) from Texas and Germany, is a mammal relative, not a dinosaur; it went extinct about 60 million years before dinosaurs and likely used its sail for thermoregulation.

Dimexano

Dimexano, also known as dixanthogen or dimexan, is an obsolete xanthogen disulfide herbicide, desiccant, and plant growth regulator formerly used on vegetables, not approved in the EU.

Dimi Mavropoulos

Dimi (Dimis) Mavropoulos, Ντίμης Μαυρόπουλος, 1949–2026, Cypriot rally driver from Limassol; Cyprus champion 1986, 1988, 1990; won all seven 1990 events; founded Cyprus Historic & Classic Motor Museum; died off Cape Greco.

Sep 19, 2026

Dimi Mint Abba

Dimi Mint Abba (born Loula Bint Siddaty Ould Abba, 1958–2011) was a Mauritanian griot singer and ardin player known as the "diva of the desert".

Diminazene

Diminazene, sold under the brand name Berenil, is an aromatic diamidine veterinary antiprotozoal drug introduced in 1955, and the most commonly used trypanocide in cattle, sheep, and goats.

Dimini

Dimini (Διμήνι), near Volos, Thessaly: a Neolithic hill settlement with six concentric stone enclosures and a Mycenaean town on the plain below, identified by its excavator with ancient Iolkos and featuring Megaron A and B, Linear B, and tholos tombs.

Diminished ovarian reserve

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR): reduced oocyte quantity with regular menses, assessed by AMH and antral follicle count; predicts IVF oocyte yield but not independent fertility, and oocyte quality is similar to age-matched women.

Diminished seventh chord

Diminished seventh chord (°7): four-note chord of stacked minor thirds dividing the octave equally; symmetrical, enharmonically reinterpretable, resolves to the tonic as a leading-tone dominant, and famous in opera for dramatic shock.

Diminished triad

A diminished triad is a three-note chord of two stacked minor thirds: root, minor third, and diminished fifth (tritone), written with a degree sign (vii°). Diatonic on degree 7 of major and degree 2 of natural minor; base of half-diminished and diminished seventh chords.

Oct 10, 2026

Diminishing marginal utility

Diminishing marginal utility is the economic principle that each additional unit of a good adds less satisfaction than the one before, foundational to consumer theory since the 1870s.