All articles starting with D
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DNA helicase, ATP-dependent, UvrD type
UvrD-type ATP-dependent DNA helicase (E. coli helicase II, uvrD gene), a non-hexameric SF1 3'→5' motor with 1A/1B/2A/2B domains; dimeric helicase, ~40-50 bp processivity, roles in mismatch and nucleotide excision repair.
DNA helicase, DnaB type
DnaB-type DNA helicase is the ring-shaped hexameric enzyme that unwinds double-stranded DNA at bacterial replication forks, essential for chromosome replication in E. coli and other bacteria.
DNA helicase, DnaB-like, N-terminal
N-terminal domain (NTD) of DnaB-like (SF4) bacterial replicative helicases: all-alpha scaffolding domain binding primase DnaG and loader DnaC, driving C6/C3 hexamer symmetry changes; dispensable for core helicase activity.
DNA hybridization
DNA hybridization is the sequence-specific pairing of complementary single-stranded nucleic acids into duplexes, the basis of assays like Southern blots and microarrays that detect, quantify, or compare sequences.
DNA hydrogel
A DNA hydrogel is a soft solid of cross-linked DNA strands that holds large amounts of water, designed through base pairing for biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
DNA ladder
A DNA ladder, also called a DNA marker or molecular-weight size marker, is a mixture of DNA fragments of known lengths run on gels to size unknown samples.
DNA ligase
DNA ligase is an enzyme that seals nicks and joins DNA fragments end to end, first isolated in 1967 and essential for DNA replication and repair in living cells.
DNA Lover (러버)
DNA Lover (DNA 러버) is a 2024 TV Chosun Korean romantic comedy drama, its first rom-com, starring Choi Siwon and Jung In-sun; 16 episodes aired August 17 to October 6, 2024, about a genetic researcher seeking her genetically matched partner.
DNA methylation
DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) is an epigenetic mark on cytosine, mostly at CpG sites, written by DNMT1/3 enzymes, erased by TET proteins, silencing promoters, and used in cancer biomarkers and epigenetic aging clocks.
DNA methylation array
A DNA methylation array, or methylation array, is a microarray that measures methylation at hundreds of thousands of CpG sites, used widely in cancer research.
DNA methyltransferase
DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A/3B, DNMT3L, DNMT2) are SAM-dependent enzymes that methylate cytosine C5, maintaining and establishing DNA methylation; DNMT2 acts on tRNA, and DNMT inhibitors like decitabine are FDA-approved cancer drugs.
DNA methyltransferase 3A
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), a de novo cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase on chromosome 2p23, establishes methylation patterns in development; its ADD-domain autoinhibition, R882 mutations in AML and clonal hematopoiesis, and Tatton-Brown-Rahman overgrowth syndrome distinguish it.
DNA mismatch repair
DNA mismatch repair (MMR), also called the MutS-MutL pathway, corrects replication base-pairing errors; deficiency causes Lynch syndrome, MSI-H colorectal cancer, and immunotherapy-responsive tumors.
DNA mismatch repair MutS
MutS is the DNA mismatch-binding protein that initiates mismatch repair, also called MutS or MSH in eukaryotic heterodimers MutSα (MSH2-MSH6) and MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3). It recognizes replication errors, forms ATP-driven sliding clamps that load MutL, and its loss predisposes to cancer.
DNA molecular cage
A DNA molecular cage is a hollow, three-dimensional nanostructure built from DNA strands that captures, protects, and releases guest molecules, with uses in drug delivery.
DNA molecular machine
A DNA molecular machine is an artificial nanoscale device built from DNA strands that performs mechanical work, such as walking or transporting cargo, in response to a stimulus.
DNA molecular robot
A DNA molecular robot is an artificial molecular-scale machine built from DNA that senses molecular signals, computes, and acts autonomously, including a Caltech robot that sorted six dye molecules in 24 hours.
DNA nanodevices
DNA nanodevices are artificial structures and machines built from self-assembling DNA strands, proposed by Nadrian Seeman in 1982 and applied to drug delivery, biosensing, and computing.
DNA nanopore
A DNA nanopore is a synthetic nanometer-scale channel built from DNA, usually by DNA origami, embedded in lipid membranes to transport ions and molecules and sense them one at a time.
DNA nanorobot
A DNA nanorobot is a molecular-scale machine made of DNA that can move, sense, and deliver molecules, built by DNA origami folding and explored mainly for targeted cancer drug delivery.
DNA nanorobotics
DNA nanorobotics is the branch of nanotechnology that builds molecular-scale devices from synthetic DNA, which base pairing lets researchers program to change shape, walk, and carry cargo.
DNA nanoswitch
A DNA nanoswitch is a self-assembled DNA construct that loops when it binds a target molecule, enabling biosensing and molecular interaction measurements by gel electrophoresis.
DNA nanotechnology
DNA nanotechnology is a field of biomolecular engineering that uses DNA as a construction material, self-assembling designed nanoscale structures, molecular motors, and circuits for biosensing and drug delivery.
DNA nanotube
A DNA nanotube is a hollow, cylindrical nanostructure self-assembled from designed DNA strands via Watson-Crick base pairing, with uses in drug delivery and as molecular tracks.
DNA neural network
A DNA neural network is an artificial neural network implemented with DNA molecules in a test tube, first reported by Caltech researchers in Nature in July 2011, recalling patterns from incomplete inputs.
DNA origami
DNA origami is a DNA nanotechnology method, demonstrated by Paul Rothemund in 2006, that folds a long single-stranded DNA scaffold with short staple strands into designed nanostructures about 100 nm across.
DNA origami drug delivery
DNA origami drug carriers are nanoscale delivery vehicles made by folding a long DNA scaffold with short staple strands, introduced at Caltech in 2006 and loaded with drugs like doxorubicin.
DNA origami dynamic nanodevices
DNA origami dynamic nanodevices are nanoscale machines built from DNA origami that change shape, move, or switch state when triggered by DNA strands, light, pH, or other stimuli.
DNA origami electronics
DNA origami electronics uses folded DNA nanostructures, assembled from scaffold and staple strands, as programmable templates for nanoscale electronic and photonic devices like circuits and memory.
DNA origami force sensor
A DNA origami force sensor is a nanoscale device built from self-assembled DNA, carrying hairpins or duplexes that rupture under piconewton loads and report cell traction forces through fluorescence, used mainly in mechanobiology.