All articles starting with D
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Drucilla J. Roberts
Drucilla J. Roberts is an American perinatal pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, known for her research on placental pathology and stillbirth.
Druck (TV series)
Druck ("pressure") is a German teen web series (2018–2022), the German adaptation of Norway's Skam, produced by Bantry Bay for funk (ARD/ZDF). Eight 10-episode seasons set at a Berlin high school, released as real-time YouTube clips plus weekly compiled episodes.
Drude model
The Drude model, also called the Drude-Lorentz model, is a classical theory of electrical conduction in metals proposed by Paul Drude in 1900, treating electrons as a gas.
Drude polarizable force field
The Drude polarizable force field is a molecular mechanics force field in which each polarizable atom carries a charged Drude particle on a harmonic spring.
Drudge Report
The Drudge Report is a US news aggregation website founded by Matt Drudge in 1995, famous for breaking the 1998 Lewinsky scandal and once driving huge referral traffic; its bias ratings have shifted from Lean Right to Lean Left.
Drug
A drug is a substance that, when absorbed into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions; the word covers medicines, abused substances, and legal categories.
Drug Abuse Resistance Education
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.), a police-taught school drug prevention program created in 1983 by the LAPD and Los Angeles schools; evaluations found small short-term and no long-term effects, prompting the 2009 keepin' it REAL revision.
Drug Administration Schedule
Drug Administration Schedule: MeSH descriptor D004334 for the timing plan of drug dosing, covering frequency, intervals, and circadian timing, and its links to adherence and adverse reactions.
Drug barons of Colombia
The drug barons of Colombia, also known as Colombian drug barons, headed the Medellín and Cali cartels that dominated cocaine trafficking from the late 1970s through the 1990s.
Drug Carriers
Drug carriers are macromolecules, polymers, or nanoparticles that transport and release pharmacologically active compounds, prolonging drug action, reducing metabolism and toxicity. Key platforms include liposomes, SLNs, NLCs, polymeric nanoparticles, and LNPs, from Doxil (1995) to mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccines.
Drug cartel
Drug cartel: term coined in the 1980s for Colombia's Medellín and Cali syndicates, now applied chiefly to Mexican DTOs such as Sinaloa and CJNG; large criminal organizations trafficking cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana.
Drug Chronotherapy
Drug chronotherapy: timing drug administration to circadian rhythms for maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity; also called chronotherapeutics; key evidence in hypertension bedtime dosing and cancer chrono-chemotherapy.
Drug Church
Drug Church is an American hardcore punk/alt-rock hybrid band formed in 2011 in Albany, New York, fronted by Patrick Kindlon of Self Defense Family; albums include Paul Walker, Cheer, Hygiene, and Prude (2024) on Pure Noise Records.
Drug class
Drug class: a set of medications grouped by chemical structure, mechanism of action, physiologic effect, or therapeutic use. Formalized in the WHO ATC system (five levels, 14 main groups) and FDA Established Pharmacologic Classes.
Drug Contraindications
A drug contraindication is a situation in which a medicine or procedure must be avoided because of the risk of harm, either absolutely or relative to its benefits.
Drug Costs
Drug costs: amounts paid for medicines, formally the amount a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs (MeSH D016527). Covers list price (WAC), net price after rebates, US spending near $1 trillion, and international price gaps.
Drug Dealer Simulator
Drug Dealer Simulator is a 2020 first-person crime simulation game by Byterunners and Movie Games S.A. about building a drug-dealing empire; sold 400k+ copies, Metacritic 59, with a 2024 co-op sequel and a 2025 Schedule I controversy.
Drug delivery
Drug delivery: the field of controlling where, when, and how fast a drug reaches the body. Began with the 1952 Spansule 12-hour capsule; later milestones include Lupron Depot (1989) and 2020 lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines.
Drug design
Drug design, also called rational drug design, is the invention of new medications by designing molecules to bind biological targets. It includes structure-based and ligand-based approaches, docking, QSAR, ADMET modelling, and AI methods; HIV protease inhibitors are a landmark success.
Drug development
Drug development: the process of discovering, testing, and gaining regulatory approval for new medicines, from preclinical research through clinical trials, FDA review, and post-market safety monitoring.
Drug discovery
Drug discovery: identifying new medicines from target identification through lead optimization to clinical candidate selection. Covers timelines (12–15 years), costs ($161M–$4.54B estimates), screening methods, phenotypic vs target-based paradigms, and AI since 2023.
Drug Dosage Calculations
Drug dosage calculations convert a prescriber's order, drug concentration, and patient weight into an exact dose using dimensional analysis, ratio-proportion, or the desired-over-have formula; unit errors and decimal misplacement drive most dosing errors.
Drug Enforcement Administration
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), US Justice Department agency created July 1, 1973 by Reorganization Plan No. 2; enforces the Controlled Substances Act, regulates diversion of legal controlled pharmaceuticals, and publishes the annual National Drug Threat Assessment.
Drug injection
Drug injection is the administration of psychoactive drugs with a syringe and needle, chiefly intravenously. Also called injection drug use, it affects 10.2–23.7 million people worldwide and carries risks of HIV, hepatitis C, overdose, and tissue damage.
Drug Instillation
Drug instillation places liquid medication drop by drop or in measured volume into a body cavity: eye drops, nasal drops, ear drops, and catheter-based intravesical bladder therapy, with pharmacokinetics and evidence.
Drug interaction
Drug interaction: a drug, food, herb, or disease altering another drug's pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. Covers CYP-mediated mechanisms, 1960s cheese-tyramine history, divergent interaction knowledge bases, and unproven alert benefit.
Drug Legislation
Drug legislation is the body of statutes governments use to control the testing, approval, labeling, and surveillance of medicines, centered in the US on the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the FDA.
Drug liberalization
Drug liberalization: relaxing or removing prohibition-based drug policies, from decriminalization of personal use to regulated legalization. Key examples: Portugal's Law 30/2000 dissuasion commissions, Oregon Measure 110, Thailand's 2022 cannabis decriminalization and 2025 rollback.
Drug lord
Drug lord (also kingpin): leader of a drug trafficking organization controlling production, smuggling, distribution, and finances. Examples include El Chapo and El Mencho; the DEA's kingpin strategy targets them, with evidence of violence increases after captures.
Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism (biotransformation) is the enzymatic two-phase conversion of drugs into metabolites, mainly by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, covering first-pass metabolism, induction, inhibition, pharmacogenetics, and toxicity.