All articles starting with E
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EIF2AK3
EIF2AK3, also called PERK (PKR-like ER kinase), is a human chromosome 2p11.2 gene encoding an ER transmembrane kinase that phosphorylates eIF2α at Ser51 to repress translation during ER stress; loss-of-function mutations cause Wolcott-Rallison syndrome.
EIF2AK4
EIF2AK4 (GCN2, KIAA1338, PVOD2), human gene at 15q15.1 encoding the eIF2α kinase GCN2, activated by uncharged tRNAs during amino acid starvation; biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause autosomal recessive pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.
EIF2B
eIF2B is a five-subunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor that recycles eIF2–GDP into eIF2–GTP, restarting translation initiation; phosphorylated eIF2α inhibits it, triggering the integrated stress response.
EIF2S1
EIF2S1 (eIF2α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha, Gene ID 1965) is the 36-kD alpha subunit of human eIF2, phosphorylated at Ser51 by the four integrated stress response kinases PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI to inhibit translation.
EIF2S2
EIF2S2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta, eIF2β, MIM 603908) is a human chromosome 20 gene encoding the 38-kDa beta subunit of eIF2, which delivers initiator tRNA to the 40S ribosomal subunit and carries K-box and zinc-finger domains for eIF5 and eIF2B binding.
EIF3B
EIF3B, also known as PRT1 or EIF3S9, is a human gene on chromosome 7 that encodes eIF3b, the central scaffolding subunit of translation initiation factor 3.
EIF4A
eIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A) is a DEAD-box RNA helicase of the eIF4F complex that unwinds mRNA 5′UTR structures; targeted by rocaglates, hippuristanol, and pateamine A, with zotatifin in clinical trials.
EIF4A1
EIF4A1, also called DDX2A, encodes eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1, an ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family that unwinds 5' UTR structures during translation initiation and is targeted in cancer drug development.
EIF4A3
EIF4A3 (eIF4AIII, DDX48) is a human DEAD-box RNA helicase at 17q25.3 that, despite its name, is not a translation factor but the core RNA-clamp of the exon junction complex, essential for nonsense-mediated decay; 5'UTR repeat expansions cause Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome.
EIF4E
EIF4E (eIF4E1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) is the 25-kDa mRNA cap-binding subunit of eIF4F that recruits ribosomes to the m7G cap; rate-limiting for initiation, proto-oncogene at 4q23, regulated by 4E-BPs and Mnk phosphorylation.
EIF4EBP1
EIF4EBP1 (4E-BP1, PHAS-I) is a human gene encoding a translation repressor that binds eIF4E; mTORC1 phosphorylates it at Thr37/46/Ser65/Thr70, and its dysregulation marks prognosis in HCC and other cancers.
EIF4G
EIF4G (eukaryotic initiation factor 4G) is the scaffolding protein of the eIF4F complex, which recruits ribosomes to messenger RNA; mammals encode three forms, eIF4G1, eIF4G2, and eIF4G3.
EIF4G2
EIF4G2 (eIF4G2, DAP5, Nat1, p97) is a human noncanonical translation initiation factor, an eIF4G1 homolog lacking eIF4E binding, that supports IRES-driven and eIF4E-independent cap-dependent translation and is implicated in cancer.
EIF5A
EIF5A (eIF5A1, formerly eIF-4D) is an essential eukaryotic translation factor, the only protein carrying hypusine, formed by DHPS and DOHH from spermidine at lysine 50; it promotes elongation, especially at polyproline motifs, and termination.
Eifel Aqueduct
The Eifel Aqueduct (Eifelwasserleitung) was a 95-kilometer Roman aqueduct, built around AD 80, that carried spring water from the Eifel hills to the Roman city of Cologne.
Eiffage
Eiffage is a French construction and concessions group formed in 1993 from Fougerolle and SAE, Europe's fourth-largest contractor, known for building and operating the Millau viaduct.
Eiffel (programming language)
Eiffel, also known as the Eiffel language, is an object-oriented programming language designed in 1985 by Bertrand Meyer at Eiffel Software, best known for Design by Contract and standardized as ISO/IEC 25436:2006.
Eiffel 65
Eiffel 65: Italian eurodance trio of Jeffrey Jey, Maury Lobina, and Gabry Ponte, formed September 1998 in Turin at Bliss Corporation. Known for "Blue (Da Ba Dee)" (1998), the album Europop (1999), about 15 million records sold, and the 2000 World Music Award.
Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel) is a 330-meter iron lattice tower in Paris, built 1887-1889 by Gustave Eiffel's team for the 1889 World's Fair, saved from demolition by its radio and scientific uses, and now a major broadcast site and tourist landmark.
Eiga Monogatari
Eiga Monogatari (栄花物語), A Tale of Flowering Fortunes, is a Heian-period Japanese historical tale in kana, first written around 1030 and centered on the regent Fujiwara no Michinaga.
Eiga.com
Eiga.com, also known as 映画.com, is Japan's leading movie information website, launched in August 1998 and fully acquired by the entertainment company GENDA in 2025.
Eigen (C++ library)
Eigen is a header-only C++ template library for linear algebra, started in 2006, providing matrix and vector classes, numerical solvers, and decompositions under the MPL2 license.
Eigendecomposition of a matrix
Eigendecomposition, or eigenvalue decomposition, is the factorization of a square matrix as A = XΛX⁻¹ with eigenvectors; it exists when the matrix has an eigenbasis and underlies PCA and quantum mechanics.
Eigenface
An eigenface is an eigenvector reshaped into a face-like image, produced by principal component analysis of face photographs; the method was introduced for face recognition by Turk and Pentland at MIT in 1991.
Eigenfunction
An eigenfunction is a nonzero function that a linear operator reproduces as a scalar multiple of itself, the function-space analog of an eigenvector of a matrix.
Eigengrau
Eigengrau (Eigenlicht, dark light, brain gray) is the intrinsic dark gray seen in total darkness, a term credited to Gustav Fechner, caused by spontaneous retinal dark noise from visual pigment and phototransduction fluctuations.
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a quantum statistical mechanics conjecture that individual eigenstates of nonintegrable systems are locally thermal, explaining how closed quantum systems equilibrate.
Eigensystem realization algorithm
The eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) is a time-domain system identification method developed at NASA's Langley Research Center in 1985 that builds minimum-order state-space models and extracts modal parameters from impulse response data.
Eigenvalue
An eigenvalue is a scalar satisfying Az = λz for a nonzero eigenvector z of a matrix A, meaning the transformation stretches that vector without rotating it.
Eigenvalue algorithm
An eigenvalue algorithm is a numerical method for computing eigenvalues of a matrix, using dense methods like the QR algorithm or iterative methods for large sparse matrices.