All articles starting with E
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Eight Sima affair
The Eight Sima affair (八司马事件) was the 805 demotion of eight Tang dynasty officials to remote prefectures after the failed reform government of Wang Shuwen under Emperor Shunzong.
Eight Sleep
Eight Sleep is a New York sleep technology company founded in 2014, known for the Pod, a smart mattress cover that heats and cools each side of the bed.
Eight Views of Xiaoxiang
Eight Views of Xiaoxiang (Japanese Shōshō hakkei) is a set of eight Chinese landscape-painting subjects, first painted by Song Di in the late eleventh century.
Eight-Article Law of Gojoseon
The Eight-Article Law of Gojoseon (팔조금법) was the law of the ancient Korean state of Gojoseon, the oldest law transmitted in Korean history; three articles survive in the Hanshu.
Eight-ball
Eight-ball (8-ball, eightball pool) is a two-player cue sport with a cue ball and 15 numbered balls; clear your group of seven (solids or stripes, or reds/yellows in blackball), then pocket the 8-ball to win.
Eight-Character Army
The Eight-Character Army (八字軍) was a Southern Song volunteer force whose soldiers tattooed eight characters on their faces vowing to fight the Jin, later fighting at Shunchang under Liu Qi.
Eight-crossing molecular knot
An eight-crossing molecular knot is a synthetic molecule knotted with eight crossing points on one closed loop, exemplified by the 192-atom 819 knot tied at Manchester in 2017.
Eight-legged essay
The eight-legged essay (八股文) was the structured classical essay form used in Ming and Qing China's civil service examinations, with topics from the Four Books and Five Classics.
Eight-Nation Alliance (八国联军)
Eight-Nation Alliance (八国联军), 1900–01 coalition of Britain, the US, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy that relieved the besieged Beijing legations during the Boxer Uprising and imposed the 1901 Boxer Protocol.
Eight-string guitar
Eight-string guitar: extended-range guitar tuned F#-B-E-A-D-G-B-E, adding low B and F# strings; first mass-produced by Ibanez (RG2228, 2007), popularized by Meshuggah and Tosin Abasi, used in djent, jazz, and classical music.
Eight-thousander
Eight-thousander: any of the 14 mountains above 8,000 m, all in the Himalaya and Karakoram (Everest, K2, Kangchenjunga, etc.). First climbed 1950–1964, in winter 1980–2021; UIAA recognizes the classic 14 list.
Eighteen Greater Texts
Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku, பதினெண்மேல்கணக்கு) is the Sangam-era Tamil corpus of 2,381 poems in the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) and Ten Idylls (Pattupattu), distinct from the later didactic Eighteen Lesser Texts.
Eighteen Kingdoms
The Eighteen Kingdoms (十八王) were eighteen vassal kingdoms that Xiang Yu decreed after the fall of the Qin dynasty, carved from the old six states' territories.
Eighteen Lesser Texts
Eighteen Lesser Texts (Pathinen Keelkanakku) is a Tamil corpus of eighteen short post-Sangam works, mostly on ethics and love poetry, including the Thirukkural and Naladiyar.
Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute: The Story of Lady Wenji
Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute: The Story of Lady Wenji (Hujia shiba pai tu) is a Ming dynasty handscroll in the Metropolitan Museum of Art depicting the Han poet Cai Yan.
Eighteen Springs
Eighteen Springs is a novel by the Chinese writer Eileen Chang, her first full-length, serialized in Shanghai in 1950–51 under the pen name Liang Jing.
Eighteen Stanzas for a Barbarian Reed Flute
Eighteen Stanzas for a Barbarian Reed Flute (Hujia Shibapai, 胡笳十八拍) is a Chinese poem and qin composition in eighteen sections attributed to Cai Yan, a Han dynasty woman writer.
Eighteen Visions
Eighteen Visions is an American metalcore and hard rock band from Orange County, California, formed around 1995 and credited with shaping the early-2000s fashioncore image.
Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010) is a consensus constitutional reform that abolished the Concurrent List, devolved 17 federal ministries to the provinces, curtailed presidential powers, and, with the 7th NFC Award, reshaped fiscal federalism.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established national Prohibition, banning manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors; it was ratified January 16, 1919 and repealed in 1933.
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1550–1295 BC), first dynasty of the New Kingdom, founded by Ahmose after expelling the Hyksos; rulers included Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and Horemheb.
Eighteenth Party Congress
The Eighteenth Party Congress (XVIII съезд ВКП(б)) was a congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), held in Moscow from 10 to 21 March 1939.
Eightercua
Eightercua (Íochtar Cua) is a Bronze Age four-stone row near Waterville, County Kerry, Ireland, tallest stone 2.7 m, traditionally the burial place of Scéine, wife of Amergin, with a solstice alignment claim.
Eightercua Fossa
Eightercua Fossa is a 407-km-long fossa, a narrow trough, on Jupiter's moon Europa, centered near 6.68°N, 340.71°W, IAU-approved in 2019 and named after a County Kerry stone row in Ireland.
Eighth Air Force
Eighth Air Force, the "Mighty Eighth," is a USAF numbered air force at Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, leading strategic deterrence and global strike; it was the WWII daylight strategic bombing force in England.
Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (1983) guaranteed the equal right to life of mother and unborn, effectively banning abortion; repealed by the 2018 Thirty-sixth Amendment after the May 2018 referendum.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights (ratified 1791), prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments; its clauses govern bail setting, civil forfeiture, proportionality, and conditions of confinement.
Eighth Cinven Fund
The Eighth Cinven Fund is the eighth flagship European buyout fund of London private equity firm Cinven, closed at $14.5 billion (€13.2 billion) in January 2024.
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was a 1270 military expedition led by Louis IX of France against Tunis, abandoned after the king died there on 25 August 1270.
Eighth Doctor
The Eighth Doctor is Paul McGann's incarnation of Doctor Who's Doctor, debuting in the 1996 TV movie and regenerating in 2013's The Night of the Doctor; between those two screen appearances he was the franchise's incumbent for nine years across novels, comics, and Big Finish audio dramas.