All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Empirical antibiotic therapy
Empirical antibiotic therapy is the initial antibiotic regimen for a suspected bacterial infection, chosen before the pathogen and its susceptibilities are known, and later narrowed based on culture results.
Empirical Bayes estimation
Empirical Bayes estimation is a statistical approach that estimates the prior distribution from observed data rather than fixing it in advance, introduced by Herbert Robbins in 1955.
Empirical Bayes method
The empirical Bayes method is a statistical technique that estimates a prior distribution's parameters from the data, then computes posterior distributions as if the prior were known.
Empirical Bayes methods
Empirical Bayes methods are statistical techniques that estimate the prior distribution of a model from the data itself, then apply Bayes' rule with that estimated prior; Herbert Robbins named the approach in 1956.
Empirical distribution function
The empirical distribution function (EDF), also called the empirical cumulative distribution function, is a statistical estimator that assigns each of n observations probability 1/n and underlies goodness-of-fit tests.
Empirical evidence
Empirical evidence: information from observation, experiment, or measurement used to support or challenge claims; central to science, epistemology, law, and medicine, with issues of theory-ladenness and underdetermination.
Empirical formula
An empirical formula is a chemical formula showing the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound; butene (C4H8) and ethylene (C2H4) both reduce to CH2.
Empirical interpolation method
The empirical interpolation method is a greedy numerical technique that approximates parametrized functions at automatically selected points, introduced in 2004 to restore the offline-online decomposition in reduced-basis solvers of parametrized partial differential equations.
Empirical likelihood
Empirical likelihood is a nonparametric statistical method that assigns probability weights to observed data points and maximizes the likelihood under constraints, yielding tests and confidence regions without parametric assumptions.
Empirical measure
An empirical measure is a random probability measure constructed from observed data by placing equal mass at each sampled point; in statistics it proxies the unknown underlying distribution.
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, or EMNLP, is an annual academic conference on natural language processing, first held in 1996 and one of the main NLP publication venues alongside ACL.
Empirical mode decomposition
Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an adaptive signal-processing method that decomposes nonlinear, nonstationary time series into intrinsic mode functions; with the Hilbert transform it forms the Hilbert–Huang transform, developed at NASA in 1998.
Empirical orthogonal functions
Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis decomposes a geophysical field, such as sea level pressure, into orthogonal spatial patterns paired with uncorrelated time series; it is also known as principal component analysis.
Empirical process
An empirical process is the centered, √n-scaled version of an empirical distribution function, G_n(x) = √n(F_n(x) − F(x)), underlying goodness-of-fit tests like Kolmogorov–Smirnov; Donsker's theorem shows it converges to a Brownian bridge.
Empirical research
Empirical research, also known as an empirical study, is research that draws conclusions from data gathered through direct observation, experiment, or survey, rather than from pure reasoning or theory.
Empirical risk minimization
Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is a statistical learning principle that picks the model minimizing average loss on training data; Vapnik developed its theory in the 1960s and 1970s.
Empirical wavelet transform
The empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is a signal processing method, introduced by Jérôme Gilles in 2013, that builds a wavelet filter bank adapted to the analyzed signal's frequency content.
Empiricism
Empiricism, also known as empiricist epistemology, is the philosophical position that sense experience is the only source of knowledge, opposed to rationalism and associated with Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.
Empis
Empis Linnaeus, 1758 is a large genus of dance flies (Empididae) with about 810 species on all continents, dagger-like predatory mouthparts, long proboscis, and male nuptial prey gifts; non-monophyletic per UCE phylogenomics.
EmployBridge
EmployBridge is an Atlanta-based provider of outsourced HR services and specialty-branded temporary staffing for manufacturing, warehousing, and transportation, which it calls the largest industrial staffing company in the United States.
Employee benefits
Employee benefits, also called fringe benefits or benefits in kind, are non-wage compensation employers provide, including health insurance, retirement plans, paid leave, and required contributions like Social Security.
Employee engagement
Employee engagement, also called work engagement, is the psychological investment employees show in their work. Defined by Kahn (1990) and Schaufeli's vigor-dedication-absorption model, measured by UWES and Gallup Q12; global engagement fell to 20% in 2025.
Employee of the Month (2006 film)
Employee of the Month is a 2006 American workplace comedy directed by Greg Coolidge, starring Dane Cook, Dax Shepard, and Jessica Simpson as warehouse workers competing for a store award.
Employee of the Month (The Sopranos)
"Employee of the Month" is The Sopranos season 3, episode 4 (HBO, March 18, 2001), written by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, directed by John Patterson, in which Dr. Melfi is raped and refuses Tony's revenge.
Employee ownership
Employee ownership is an arrangement in which employees hold a significant ownership stake in their company, through ESOPs, worker cooperatives, or trusts; in the US it covers about 18% of employees.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
ERISA, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-406), is the US federal law setting minimum standards for private-sector pension and welfare plans: fiduciary duties, vesting, funding, disclosure, preemption, and PBGC termination insurance.
Employee stock option
An employee stock option is a call option on an employer's shares granted as compensation, typically vesting over several years and expiring about ten years after grant.
Employees Provident Fund (Malaysia)
The Employees Provident Fund (EPF), known in Malay as Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja, is Malaysia's mandatory retirement savings scheme, established in 1951, with assets of RM1,249.71 billion at the end of 2024.
Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (कर्मचारी भविष्य निधि संगठन)
The Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (कर्मचारी भविष्य निधि संगठन), or EPFO, is India's statutory body for mandatory retirement savings under the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Employees' State Insurance
Employees' State Insurance (कर्मचारी राज्य बीमा, Karmachari Rajya Bima Yojana) is India's 1948 social insurance scheme for organized-sector workers, run by ESIC, providing medical, sickness, maternity, disablement and dependant benefits funded by employer and employee contributions.