All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Employer Identification Number
Employer Identification Number (EIN), also called Federal Tax Identification Number: a nine-digit IRS identifier (format 12-3456789) for businesses, tax-exempt organizations, estates, and trusts. Applied for free on Form SS-4; distinct from SSN and ITIN.
Employer of Record
An employer of record (EOR) is a third-party company that formally employs workers on behalf of a client business, handling payroll, taxes, and compliance while the client directs daily work.
Employment
Employment, also known as contract labor, is a legal relationship in which a person performs work under an employer's direction and control in return for remuneration.
Employment Act of 1946
The Employment Act of 1946 is a US federal law, signed by President Truman in February 1946, declaring a national policy of promoting maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.
Employment Appeal Tribunal
Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT): UK court hearing appeals on points of law from employment tribunals in England, Wales, and Scotland. Established 1975/1976, superior court of record, 42-day appeal deadline, no fee, President Lord Fairley since 2025.
Employment authorization document
Employment Authorization Document (EAD, Form I-766), USCIS work-permit card applied for on Form I-765; automatic renewal extensions grew from 180 to 540 days, then were removed for filings on or after October 30, 2025.
Employment Cost Index
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a Bureau of Labor Statistics index measuring changes in hourly labor costs, covering wages, salaries, and benefits for civilian workers.
Employment discrimination
Employment discrimination is unfavorable treatment of workers or applicants based on race, sex, religion, disability, or other job-irrelevant traits, covered by Title VII and ILO standards, studied via correspondence experiments, and enforced by the EEOC.
Employment Ice Age (就職氷河期)
The Employment Ice Age (就職氷河期) was the period from roughly 1993 to 2004 when Japanese school and university graduates faced severe difficulty finding regular employment.
Employment of autistic people
Employment of autistic people, also called autism and employment, covers how autistic adults participate in paid work; UK employment rates are far below those of other groups.
Employment protection legislation
Employment protection legislation (EPL) is the body of law governing how employers may terminate employment, covering dismissal procedures, notice and severance pay, unfair-dismissal appeals, and restrictions on temporary contracts.
Employment tribunal
Employment tribunals are Great Britain's judicial bodies for worker claims over statutory employment rights such as unfair dismissal and wage deductions. Established 1964 as industrial tribunals; claims now usually need Acas early conciliation and, from 1 October 2026, a 6-month time limit.
Empoli
Empoli FC, Italian football club founded 1920 in Empoli, Tuscany; Azzurri, Stadio Carlo Castellani (1965, 19,847 seats); first Serie A season 1986-87 with a 1-0 debut win over Inter; Serie B club known for youth development.
Emporia dispute
The Emporia dispute was a territorial conflict between Carthage and the Numidian king Masinissa over the fertile Emporia district on the Lesser Syrtis, running from 193 to 146 BC.
Emporia State Hornets
The Emporia State Hornets are the NCAA Division II athletics program of Emporia State University in Kansas, whose Lady Hornets won the 2010 women's basketball title.
Emporiae
Emporiae, or Empúries, was an ancient town in Catalonia's Gulf of Roses. It is known for being the only site in the Iberian Peninsula featuring Greek and Roman remains.
Emporium
Emporium (Greek emporion, ἐμπόριον): ancient trading port or business district of a Greek city; also Emporion/Emporiae (Empúries, Spain), a Phokaian trading colony founded c. 600 BC, and Rome's Tiber river port.
Empower Field at Mile High
Empower Field at Mile High, formerly Invesco Field and Sports Authority Field, is a 76,125-seat open-air stadium in Denver and home of the Denver Broncos since 2001.
Empower Semiconductor
Empower Semiconductor is a San Jose, California company that develops integrated voltage regulators for power delivery to AI processors, acquired by Analog Devices in 2026 for about $1.5 billion.
Empowerment
Empowerment: the process by which people gain greater control over decisions affecting their lives; community empowerment is its collective form. Covers resources and agency, empowerment evaluation (1993), WHO social participation, and the AI channel-capacity sense.
Empowerment scale
The Empowerment Scale, also called the Making Decisions Questionnaire, is a 28-item self-report questionnaire measuring psychological empowerment, including self-esteem and perceived control, in mental health service users.
Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado
Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado (EFE) is the state-owned railway company of Chile, created by law in 1884 to administer the country's public railways.
Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (Bolivia)
Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (ENDE) is Bolivia's state-owned electricity corporation, founded in 1962 and active across generation, transmission, distribution, and import and export of electricity.
Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos
Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos (ENH), the National Hydrocarbon Company, is Mozambique's state enterprise for petroleum exploration, production, and marketing, created in 1981 and holding stakes in the Rovuma Basin LNG projects.
Empresa Nacional del Petróleo
Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (ENAP) is Chile's state-owned energy company, created in 1950, which explores for and produces oil and gas and refines most of the country's fuels.
Empresas CMPC
Empresas CMPC, colloquially la Papelera, is a Chilean integrated forestry, pulp, paper, and tissue company founded in 1920, controlled by the Matte Group, and operating across Latin America.
Empresas Copec
Empresas Copec is a Chilean holding company in natural resources and energy, created in 2003, controlling the forestry firm ARAUCO and the fuel distributor Copec.
Empresas Penta
Empresas Penta, also known as Penta Group, is a Chilean holding company founded in the mid-1980s by Carlos Délano and Carlos Lavín, known for the 2014 Penta Case corruption scandal.
Empresas Públicas de Medellín
Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM) is a Colombian public utilities company wholly owned by the Municipality of Medellín. Founded in 1955, it provides electricity, gas, water, and waste services.
Empresas Socovesa
Empresas Socovesa, or Socovesa Group, is a Chilean real estate developer founded by Eduardo Gras Díaz in Temuco in 1965 and listed on the Santiago stock exchange.