All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Environmental impact of nuclear power
Environmental effects of nuclear power: the environmental impact of nuclear power spans uranium mining, plant operation and cooling, radioactive waste, and accidents, with very low lifecycle carbon emissions.
Environmental impact of pesticides
Environmental impact of pesticides: harm to non-target organisms, soil, water, and biodiversity from insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides; meta-analyses of 1,705 studies and the neonicotinoid WIA document broad negative effects and regulatory underestimation.
Environmental impacts of animal agriculture
Environmental impacts of animal agriculture: livestock's effects on climate, land, water, and biodiversity. Livestock emissions were 4.3 Gt CO2eq in 2023; ruminants produce about one-third of anthropogenic methane; agriculture uses 70% of freshwater.
Environmental impacts of fish farming
Fish farming affects the environment mainly through releases from net pens and cages: nitrogen and phosphorus that drive algal blooms, waste that smothers the seabed, and antibiotics and chemicals, with closed recirculating systems capturing most waste.
Environmental Indicators
Environmental indicators: quantitative measures communicating environmental trends, structured by the PSR/DPSIR framework, used in OECD Core Set, EEA, SDG, and EPI monitoring systems.
Environmental issues
Environmental issues are the harmful effects of human activity on the natural environment, including climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, pollution, and resource depletion; UNEP calls them a triple planetary crisis.
Environmental issues in India
Environmental issues in India: air pollution (1.7 million deaths in 2022 per The Lancet), water stress and pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss in the Western Ghats, Himalayan degradation, and extreme weather; governed by MoEFCC, CPCB, SPCBs, and EIA rules.
Environmental issues in the Niger Delta
The environmental issues in the Niger Delta arise from decades of petroleum extraction causing oil spills and gas flaring that contaminate soil, water, and air, harming livelihoods.
Environmental issues in the Philippines
Environmental issues in the Philippines: deforestation, mining damage, air and water pollution, plastic waste, and top-ranked climate disaster risk; EPI 2026 rank 162, 23 cyclones in 2025, Extended Producer Responsibility Act 2022.
Environmental issues of the Black Sea
The environmental issues of the Black Sea center on its anoxic, hydrogen sulfide deep waters, plus overfishing, eutrophication, the Mnemiopsis invasion, and war damage since 2022.
Environmental issues with coral reefs
Environmental issues with coral reefs: climate change, bleaching, ocean acidification, overfishing, and pollution threatening reefs that host 25% of marine species; fourth global bleaching event hit 84% of reef area from 2023 to 2025.
Environmental justice
Environmental justice: fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people in environmental law and policy. Born in the 1982 Warren County, NC PCB protests; codified in US Executive Order 12898 (1994); now a global research and policy field.
Environmental Kuznets curve
The environmental Kuznets curve is the hypothesis that environmental degradation rises and then falls as per capita income grows, proposed by Gene Grossman and Alan Krueger in the early 1990s.
Environmental law
Environmental law, also known as environmental regulation or green law, is the body of statutes, treaties, and judicial decisions protecting air, water, land, and biodiversity, with modern global practice traced to the 1972 Stockholm Conference.
Environmental management
Environmental Management (Springer, ISSN 0364-152X / 1432-1009), founded 1976, a monthly peer-reviewed interdisciplinary environmental sciences journal, MEDLINE- and SCIE-indexed, Impact Factor 3.4 (2025); distinct from Elsevier's Journal of Environmental Management.
Environmental management system
An environmental management system (EMS) is a set of processes and practices that helps an organization reduce its environmental impacts and increase operating efficiency, best known through the ISO 14001 standard.
Environmental Medicine
Environmental medicine is the medical specialty concerned with environmental factors in human disease, covering exposures to chemical and physical hazards through contaminated soil, water, and air.
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology studies microorganisms in the environment, microbial communities, interactions, and microbially driven processes such as biogeochemical cycles and bioremediation; its flagship journal Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 1462-2912) began in 1999.
Environmental migrant
An environmental migrant, also known as an environmental refugee or ecomigrant, is a person who leaves home because environmental change adversely affects their living conditions.
Environmental Modification Convention
The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), 1976, is a UN disarmament treaty banning hostile use of environmental modification techniques such as weather alteration; entered into force 5 October 1978 with 78 parties.
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring: systematic ongoing collection and analysis of environmental data (air, water, radiation, chemical exposure) for public health action, from historical surveillance roots to CDC tracking, WHO air guidelines, and low-cost sensor networks.
Environmental movement
The environmental movement, also called the ecology movement, is a network of individuals, groups, and organizations seeking to protect the natural environment through policy and behavior change.
Environmental noise
Environmental noise is unwanted community sound from road, rail, and air traffic and industry, measured with sound level meters and regulated under the EU's Environmental Noise Directive.
Environmental Performance Index
The Environmental Performance Index (EPI), from Yale's YCELP and Columbia's CIESIN, is a biennial composite ranking of countries on environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change; the 2026 edition scores 177 countries on 47 indicators, with scores not comparable across editions.
Environmental policy
Environmental policy, also called environmental protection policy, uses carbon taxes, emissions trading, standards, and clean-technology subsidies to cut pollution; carbon pricing covered nearly 30% of global emissions by 2025.
Environmental Product Declaration
An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized, third-party verified document reporting a product's quantified environmental impacts over its life cycle, based on ISO 14025 and a life cycle assessment.
Environmental protection
Environmental protection, also known as environmental conservation, is the practice of safeguarding the natural environment, including landscapes, flora, fauna, and ecosystems, from harm caused by human activity through laws and conservation.
Environmental Protection Act 1990
Environmental Protection Act 1990 (1990 c. 43), UK statute consolidating pollution control, waste duty of care (ss. 33-34), statutory nuisance abatement notices (Part III), and litter duties (Part IV), still in force and amended.
Environmental Protection Area of Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe
The Environmental Protection Area of Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe (Área de Proteção Ambiental de Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe) is a federal sustainable-use protected area on the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, created in 1984.
Environmental protection plant area
Environmental protection plant area (环保植物区) is a 0.85-hectare specialized garden in Beijing's National Botanical Garden displaying over 100 air-pollution-resistant and pollution-indicator plant species; a similar area exists at Shanghai Botanical Garden.