All articles starting with E

European Union Aviation Safety Agency

European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), EU decentralised aviation safety regulator in Cologne, Germany, established 2002. Certifies aircraft, engines, and parts, oversees Member States, and validates FAA certifications under bilateral agreements.

European Union competition law

European Union competition law is the body of EU rules banning cartels and abuse of dominance, controlling mergers and state aid, enforced mainly by the European Commission.

European Union Customs Union

The European Union Customs Union, or EU customs union, removes customs duties among EU member states, charges a common external tariff, and lets cleared goods circulate freely.

European Union Emissions Trading System

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a cap-and-trade carbon market running since 2005 that covers electricity, industry, aviation, and maritime transport, above 40% of EU emissions.

European Union energy label

The European Union energy label, also known as the EU Energy Label, rates energy-related products on a mandatory A to G scale in shops and online.

European Union roaming regulations

The European Union roaming regulations, known as the Eurotariff, govern EU mobile roaming; their Roam Like at Home rule has ended surcharges since 15 June 2017.

European Union value added tax

European Union value added tax (EU VAT), governed by Council Directive 2006/112/EC, is a harmonised destination-principle consumption tax charged at every transaction stage and borne by final consumers. Members raise over €1,000 billion yearly; standard rate minimum 15%; ViDA digitalisation adopted 2025.

European Union–Colombia, Ecuador and Peru free trade agreement

The European Union–Colombia, Ecuador and Peru free trade agreement is an EU trade deal with the three Andean countries, signed in 2012 and fully in force since 2024.

European Union–SADC free trade agreement

The European Union–SADC Economic Partnership Agreement is a free trade agreement in goods, signed in 2016 between the EU and Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini.

European Utility Requirements for LWR Nuclear Power Plants

The European Utility Requirements for LWR Nuclear Power Plants (EUR) are design requirements for new light water reactors, written by European utilities and first published in 1994.

European vehicle registration plate

A European vehicle registration plate shows a vehicle's registration number plus a country code, commonly with a blue euroband carrying the EU flag stars, recognized EU-wide under 1998 rules.

European volleyball championships

European volleyball championships (CEV EuroVolley), the CEV's continental national-team titles for men and women, first held 1948 and 1949; now 24 teams across four co-hosts, plus U16–U22 age-group championships.

European wars of religion

European wars of religion: series of 16th-17th century conflicts after the Protestant Reformation, including the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598), Eighty Years War, and Thirty Years War, ending with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.

European Water Framework Directive

The European Water Framework Directive, or WFD, is the main EU law for water protection, adopted in 2000 to achieve good status for all water bodies.

European water polo championships

European Water Polo Championships: biennial continental titles for national men's and women's teams run by European Aquatics (LEN). Men's event since 1926 (Budapest), women's since 1985; Hungary leads men's titles with 13, Netherlands women's with 6; 2026 editions in Belgrade and Funchal.

European water vole

European water vole (Arvicola amphibius), also called water rat, a semi-aquatic Palaearctic vole absent from Ireland; Endangered in Britain after ~90% decline driven by American mink, Least Concern globally.

European wildcat

European wildcat (Felis silvestris), forest wild felid across Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus; IUCN Least Concern globally, but the Scottish population is non-viable due to domestic-cat hybridization and roadkill.

European windstorm

A European windstorm is an intense extratropical cyclone that brings damaging surface winds to Europe, forming over the North Atlantic and ranking among the continent's costliest natural hazards.

European XFEL

European XFEL is an X-ray free-electron laser user facility in Schenefeld in the Hamburg metropolitan region, the largest of its kind, in user operation since September 2017.

European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal

The European–African–Middle Eastern (EAME) Campaign Medal, also called the EAME Theater medal, is a US World War II campaign medal established by Executive Order 9265 on 6 November 1942, awarded for EAME Theater service from 7 December 1941 to 8 November 1945, with campaign stars and arrowhead devices.

Europeana

Europeana is the European Union's digital platform for cultural heritage, launched in Brussels in 2008, giving access to over 65 million digitized books, artworks, music, films, and newspapers.

Europeans in Medieval China

Europeans in Medieval China: merchants, papal envoys, Franciscan missionaries, and travelers such as Plano Carpini, William of Rubruck, Marco Polo, John of Montecorvino, and Odoric who reached Yuan China (1260–1368) under Mongol rule, with contact ending after the Ming takeover in 1368.

Europipe I Gas Pipeline

Europipe I is a subsea natural gas pipeline carrying Norwegian North Sea gas from the Draupner E riser platform to Dornum on the German coast, operating since 1995.

Europipe II Gas Pipeline

Europipe II is a 660-kilometer subsea gas pipeline running from Kårstø, Norway, to Dornum on the German North Sea coast, started up by Statoil in October 1999 to carry Norwegian gas to Germany.

Europium

Europium (Eu) is a soft, silvery lanthanide metal, element 63, named after Europe and best known as the red phosphor in color televisions and euro banknotes.

Europlug

The Europlug is a flat, unearthed two-pin plug rated 2.5 A at 250 V, standardized as CEE 7/16 in 1962 and designed to fit most European socket systems.

Europobet

Europobet (Europebet, ევროპაბეთი) was a Georgian online gambling and bookmaking brand run by Chempionebi 111 LLC, a Betsson Group member from 2015 with about $85 million invested, 167 million GEL 2024 revenue, rebranded to Betsson Georgia in May 2025.

Europol

Europol (European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation) is the EU's law enforcement cooperation agency in The Hague, fully operational since 1 July 1999; an intelligence hub with no direct arrest powers, supporting JITs, SIENA, EC3, ECTC and ATLAS.

Europos (Greece)

Europos (Greek: Ευρωπός) was an ancient city in Macedonia, northern Greece, near the Axios river in the modern Kilkis region and the birthplace of Seleucus I Nicator.