All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency, also known as Agence spatiale européenne, is an intergovernmental organization of 23 European states that coordinates Europe's civilian space program; it was founded in 1975.
European Space Operations Centre
The European Space Operations Centre, ESOC, is the European Space Agency's mission control center in Darmstadt, Germany, which has flown more than 90 missions since opening in 1967.
European Spallation Source
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a research facility under construction in Lund, Sweden, that will produce intense pulsed neutron beams for materials and life-science research.
European Speed Skating Championships
ISU European Speed Skating Championships, the annual continental long-track title event for Europe, first staged in the 1890s for men and 1970 for women, alternating between single-distance and Allround & Sprint formats each January.
European sprat
European sprat (Sprattus sprattus, formerly Clupea sprattus), a small clupeid fish of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea; max 25.1 cm, spawns 6,000–14,000 pelagic eggs, sold as brislings and used for fishmeal.
European spruce bark beetle
European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus, eight-toothed spruce bark beetle), a Scolytinae pest of Norway spruce; mass attacks with blue stain fungus kill spruce, and it is managed by salvage logging, debarking, and pheromone methods.
European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is a Luxembourg-based intergovernmental organization created by treaty in 2012 that lends to euro area states in financial difficulty, with a maximum lending capacity of €500 billion.
European Super League
The European Super League (ESL) was a proposed 2021 breakaway football competition by twelve clubs that collapsed within days, later revived by A22 as the Unify League.
European Sustainability Reporting Standards
The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) are mandatory EU sustainability reporting standards, adopted in 2023, built on double materiality: companies report both their impacts and financial risks.
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is an international research institute in Grenoble, France, operating a 6 GeV, 844 m synchrotron serving about 9,000 researchers a year.
European System of Central Banks
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) comprises the European Central Bank and the national central banks of all EU Member States, with price stability as its primary objective.
European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is an EU body, established in 2010, that issues warnings and recommendations to prevent systemic risks to financial stability.
European T20 Premier League
The European T20 Premier League (ETPL) is an ICC-sanctioned professional Twenty20 cricket league with six city franchises across Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands, first played in 2026.
European Table Tennis Championships
The European Table Tennis Championships, run by the ETTU since Budapest 1958, are Europe's premier continental table tennis titles, held as separate individual and team editions with Timo Boll the record 20-time gold medalist.
European Table Tennis Union
The European Table Tennis Union (ETTU) is the governing body for table tennis in Europe, founded in 1957, with 58 member associations; it organizes the European Championships and club competitions.
European Team Chess Championship
European Team Chess Championship: ECU national-team chess event, first held Vienna/Baden 1957; Open and Women's sections, Swiss system since 1989/2000; USSR won 9 open titles; Ukraine and Poland champions 2025.
European textile artists
European textile artists use fiber, cloth, and stitch as a fine-art medium; the modern field emerged with the 1962 Lausanne Tapestry Biennial, which made stars of Eastern European artists like Magdalena Abakanowicz.
European theatre of World War II
European theatre of World War II: the 1939–1945 war in Europe, North Africa, and adjacent waters, from the invasion of Poland to Germany's surrender, fought by the Axis against Britain, the US, and the USSR.
European tort law
European tort law: the national tort and delict systems of Europe (France, Germany, England as core models), EU harmonised rules such as the 1985/2024 Product Liability Directive, and academic harmonisation projects like the Principles of European Tort Law.
European Trade Union Confederation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), founded in Brussels in 1973, is an umbrella organization representing 45 million workers through 94 national confederations and federations across 42 countries.
European Train Control System
The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the standard cab-signaling and automatic train protection component of ERTMS, replacing national signaling to let trains cross borders.
European Training Foundation
The European Training Foundation (ETF) is a decentralised EU agency in Turin, Italy, operational since 1994 under Regulation 1360/90, supporting human capital development and education, training and labour market reform in nearly 30 partner countries neighbouring the EU, distinct from Cedefop which works within the EU.
European Transport Safety Council
The European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) is a Brussels-based independent non-profit, founded in 1993, that gives expert advice on transport safety to EU institutions and national governments.
European tree frog
European tree frog (Hyla arborea), a small European hylid frog of the short-call Hyla arborea species group, once including H. orientalis and H. molleri; Least Concern but declining, breeding in stagnant waters across Europe.
European turtle dove
European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a Vulnerable migratory pigeon breeding in Europe and wintering in the Sahel; down 83% in Europe since 1980, but western flyway rose 40.5% under the 2021-24 EU hunting moratorium.
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a treaty-based union of 27 European states with a 450-million-person single market, seven institutions, and an ongoing enlargement process toward the Western Balkans, Ukraine, and Moldova.
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) is the EU agency for cybersecurity, established in 2004 and given a permanent mandate by the 2019 Cybersecurity Act, covering certification and crisis management.
European Union Agency for Railways
The European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) is an independent EU agency established in 2004 that harmonizes rail safety, issues vehicle authorizations and safety certificates, and manages ERTMS signaling specifications.
European Union Agency for the Space Programme
The European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA), formerly the European GNSS Agency, is an EU agency headquartered in Prague that operates Galileo and EGNOS satellite navigation.
European Union Allowance
A European Union Allowance is a tradable permit under the EU Emissions Trading System that gives its holder the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.