All articles starting with E

Excellere Capital

Excellere Capital, doing business as Excellere Partners, is a Denver private equity firm founded in 2006 that makes recapitalization and buyout investments in North American lower middle-market companies.

Excelsior

Excelsior: Latin comparative of excelsus meaning "higher"; motto of New York State since 1778, title of an 1841/1842 Longfellow poem, trade name for wood-shaving packing material (1868), and Stan Lee's catchphrase.

Excelsior University

Excelsior University (formerly Excelsior College, Regents College) is a private nonprofit online university in Albany, NY, founded 1971 by the NY Board of Regents, known for prior learning assessment, transfer-friendly adult degrees, nursing programs, and MSCHE accreditation.

Exception handling

Exception handling: language mechanism (try/catch/finally, throw/raise) that interrupts normal program flow on runtime errors and transfers control to a handler; pioneered by PL/I, shaped by CLU's termination model, central to C++, Java, C#, Python, Ada.

Exception that proves the rule

Exception that proves the rule: English idiom from the Latin legal maxim exceptio probat regulam in casibus non exceptis, meaning an exception confirms a rule in cases not excepted; first printed 1617 (Samuel Collins), familiar wording 1663.

Oct 15, 2026

Exceptional field theory

Exceptional field theory (ExFT) is a reformulation of maximal supergravity, the low-energy limit of string and M-theory, in which U-duality symmetries become geometric symmetries of an extended spacetime.

Exceptional memory

Exceptional memory covers trained mnemonic skill (memory athletes, method of loci) and spontaneous superior recall such as HSAM or hyperthymesia, first described in 2006; trained cases show no brain-anatomy differences, HSAM shows normal cognition with false memories.

Exceptional point

An exceptional point is a singularity of a non-Hermitian, energy-exchanging system where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, underpinning applications in optics, sensing, and microring lasers since the 1998 PT-symmetry work of Bender and Boettcher.

Exceptional points in metamaterials

Exceptional points in metamaterials are engineered degeneracies in non-Hermitian wave systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, studied in optics, acoustics, and mechanics and proposed for enhanced sensing despite noise limits.

Exceptional points in photonics

Exceptional points in photonics are singularities of non-Hermitian optical systems such as resonators with gain or loss, where eigenvalues and eigenstates coalesce, underpinning applications in sensing, lasing, and nonreciprocal photonics.

Exceptional-point enhanced sensing

Exceptional-point enhanced sensing is a scheme that operates sensors at an exceptional point, so their response to a small perturbation grows as a root rather than linearly.

Exceptionalism

Exceptionalism is the claim, made by or about a nation or group, that it is morally superior to comparable others, a concept best developed for the United States.

Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin

Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin: deaths above the expected non-crisis death rate, 1929–1953, from famine, collectivization, terror, deportations, and the Gulag; estimates range from about 12.6 million to over 23.5 million.

Oct 15, 2026

Excess property

An excess property is the difference between a thermodynamic property of a real liquid mixture and its value in an ideal mixture at the same conditions.

Oct 10, 2026

Excess reserves

Excess reserves are the funds a bank holds at its central bank above required reserves, which grew from about $1.5 billion to a $4.2 trillion peak after 2008.

Excessive attrition of teeth

Excessive attrition of teeth (ICD-11 DA08.10, ICD-10 K03.0) is pathological tooth wear from tooth-to-tooth contact, usually linked to bruxism, appearing as shiny matching wear facets and managed with splints and minimal intervention.

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Excessive daytime sleepiness, also called excessive daytime somnolence, is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day's main waking hours, most often caused by obstructive sleep apnea.

Excessive startle reflex

Excessive startle reflex (hyperekplexia, startle disease, ICD-11 8A07.2): exaggerated startle reactions to unexpected stimuli, mainly from glycine receptor defects (GLRA1), treated with clonazepam.

Excessive weight gain

Excessive weight gain, or abnormal weight gain, is an unhealthy rise in body mass from fluid, fat, or muscle, classified in ICD-11 as symptom code MG43.6.

Excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Excessive weight gain in pregnancy, or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), is gain above IOM 2009 BMI-based ranges; it affects 20-40% of women in Europe and the US and raises risks of macrosomia, gestational diabetes, and cesarean delivery.

Excessive weight loss

Excessive weight loss, ICD-11 code MG43.5, also called unintentional or unexplained weight loss: loss of fluid, fat, or muscle mass great enough to risk health, typically 5% of body weight over 6-12 months, with causes including cancer, depression, and gastrointestinal disease.