All articles starting with E
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Exclusive Brethren
The Exclusive Brethren, also called Darbyites or Closed Brethren, are a conservative branch of the Plymouth Brethren that split from the Open Brethren in 1848, emphasizing separation from evil.
Exclusive dealing
Exclusive dealing is a vertical restraint in which a buyer agrees to buy most or all requirements from one supplier, judged under the rule of reason in the US.
Exclusive economic zone
Exclusive economic zone (EEZ): a UNCLOS maritime zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baselines, granting sovereign resource rights while preserving navigation freedoms for all states.
Exclusive Love (独占接班人)
Exclusive Love (獨佔接班人, Du Zhan Jie Ban Ren) is a 2025 Taiwanese BL romantic comedy, 12 episodes on LINE TV and iQIYI International from 14 February 2025, Taiwan's first funeral-director-themed drama, starring Mao Chi-sheng and Chang Chia-sheng.
Exclusive or
Exclusive or (XOR, exclusive disjunction) is the logical connective that yields true when exactly one of its two operands is true, written ⊕ or ⊻.
Excommunication
Excommunication is the Catholic Church's principal censure, excluding a baptized member from the sacraments until repentance; it may be incurred automatically, as by heresy or schism.
Excoriation disorder
Excoriation disorder, also called skin-picking disorder or dermatillomania, is a DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorder involving recurrent skin picking causing lesions; prevalence about 3.45%, treated with habit reversal therapy, SSRIs, and N-acetyl cysteine.
Excretion
Excretion: removal of metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess substances from organisms. Main animal nitrogenous wastes are ammonia, urea, uric acid; aquatic animals excrete ammonia, terrestrial ones urea or uric acid; kidneys, nephridia, Malpighian tubules, and plant stomata serve the process.
Excretory cell
An excretory cell is a specialized cell type that performs excretion or osmoregulation, removing toxic wastes and keeping the balance between cells and their surroundings.
Excretory system
Excretory system: animal organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, vertebrate kidneys) that remove nitrogenous wastes (ammonia, urea, uric acid) and regulate water and ion balance; human GFR averages 180 L/day.
Excretory system of gastropods
The excretory system of gastropods removes nitrogenous waste in snails and slugs through a metanephridial renopericardial complex, where the pericardium produces urine by ultrafiltration and kidneys modify it.
Excubitorium
Excubitorium of the VII Cohort of the Vigiles, Roman guardhouse in Trastevere, Rome, 8 m underground, found 1866, identified by about 100 graffiti (CIL VI 2998-3091); only visible vigiles building in Rome.
Exculpatory evidence
Exculpatory evidence is criminal-case evidence tending to excuse or absolve a defendant, as opposed to inculpatory evidence. Under Brady v. Maryland (1963), US prosecutors must disclose material exculpatory and impeachment evidence regardless of defense request.
Excuse
Excuse, in criminal law, a defense admitting the criminal act but denying blameworthiness due to impaired choice (insanity, duress, involuntary intoxication, mistake), contrasted with justification, which denies wrongfulness; core of justification-excuse theory.
Exebacase
Exebacase (CF-301, PlySs2) is ContraFect's first-in-class antistaphylococcal phage lysin for S. aureus bacteremia; phase 2 showed MRSA benefit, but the phase 3 DISRUPT trial stopped for futility in 2022.
Exec Capital
Exec Capital is a London-based executive search practice founded by chartered accountant Adrian Lawrence in 2018, placing C-suite and board-level executives with UK mid-market and growth-stage businesses on retained fees.
Execration texts
Execration texts are ancient Egyptian ritual curse lists written on broken pottery bowls and clay figurines of bound prisoners, naming the enemies of the Egyptian state, mainly from the Middle Kingdom.
Execuflight Flight 1526
Execuflight Flight 1526 was a charter flight whose Hawker 700A crashed on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport in Ohio on November 10, 2015, killing all nine aboard.
Executable
An executable is a file containing machine code that an operating system loads and runs as a process, produced by compiling and linking source code.
Executable and Linkable Format
The Executable and Linkable Format (ELF), also called ELF32, is a standard file format for executables, shared objects, relocatable object files, and core files, originating in System V.
Executed Renaissance
The Executed Renaissance (Rozstriliane vidrodzhennia), also called the Red Renaissance, is the generation of Ukrainian writers and artists of the 1920s and early 1930s destroyed by Stalinist repression.
Execution by elephant
Execution by elephant: capital punishment by trained elephants crushing or dismembering the condemned, used across South and Southeast Asia for millennia, notably under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals, and echoed in American circus elephant executions such as Topsy's 1903 electrocution.
Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad: simultaneous rifle volley aimed at the heart; rare in the US (six since 1977), legal in five states, now Idaho's primary method and a federal option.
Execution by shooting
Execution by shooting, usually by firing squad, kills a condemned person with simultaneous rifle fire aimed at the heart. Five US states authorize it, Idaho made it primary in 2026, and the Army scheduled Nidal Hasan's December 2026 firing-squad execution.
Execution chamber
Execution chamber: the secure prison room where judicial executions are carried out, housing the gurney, electric chair, gas chamber, or firing-squad chair, plus a witness room. Key facts: first electrocution of Kemmler in 1890, lethal injection dominant since 1982, nitrogen hypoxia first used in Alabama in 2024.
Execution of Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
The execution of Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i was the killing of the Ismaili missionary who built the Fatimid caliphate, with his brother, on caliph al-Mahdi's orders in 911.
Execution of al-Musta'sim
The execution of al-Musta'sim (مقتل المستعصم) was the killing of al-Musta'sim, the last Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, by order of the Mongol prince Hulegu in 1258.
Execution of Alan Eugene Miller
Alan Eugene Miller (born 1965) was executed by nitrogen hypoxia in Alabama on September 26, 2024, the second such U.S. execution and 1600th since 1976, after a botched 2022 lethal injection and settled litigation over the method.
Execution of Andres Bonifacio
The execution of Andres Bonifacio (Pagbitay kay Andres Bonifacio) was the killing by firing squad of the Filipino revolutionary leader and his brother Procopio on May 10, 1897 in Maragondon, Cavite.
Execution of Atahualpa
The execution of Atahualpa (Muerte de Atahualpa) was the 1533 killing by garrote of the reigning Inca emperor on the order of Francisco Pizarro at Cajamarca, in present-day Peru.