All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Exelon
Exelon Corporation is a Chicago-based American utility holding company formed in 2000, serving more than 10.7 million electric and gas customers through six regulated utilities.
Exemestane
Exemestane, sold under the brand name Aromasin, is an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor that treats hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, FDA-approved in 1999.
Exemplar (Kuhn)
An exemplar, in Thomas Kuhn's philosophy of science, is a concrete problem-solution that trains scientists to see new problems as like ones already solved; he introduced it in 1970.
Exemplar Luxury Group
Exemplar Luxury Group, formerly Saks Global, is an American luxury retail collective operating Neiman Marcus, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Bergdorf Goodman; it took the new name in 2026 on emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
Exemplary Novels
The Exemplary Novels (Novelas ejemplares) are twelve short novels by Miguel de Cervantes, published in Madrid in 1613 between the two parts of Don Quijote.
Exempli gratia
Exempli gratia (e.g.) is the Latin phrase "for the sake of example"; it introduces non-exhaustive examples, unlike i.e. (id est, "that is"). Style guides vary on periods and commas, and plain-language guides now prefer "for example".
Exemplum
An exemplum (plural: exempla) is a short narrative presented as true and inserted into a discourse, usually a sermon, to convince an audience through a moral lesson.
Exemption Service Law (Mianyi fa)
The Exemption Service Law (免役法) was a Northern Song policy that replaced corvée labor service with hired labor, funded by graded exemption taxes collected from liable households.
Exenatide
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon) is a 39-amino-acid GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, first FDA-approved April 2005 for type 2 diabetes; renally eliminated, twice-daily or weekly formulations, now discontinued with no US generic.
Exendin-4
Exendin-4 is a 39-amino-acid peptide found in Gila monster venom that acts as a long-lasting GLP-1 receptor agonist and became the basis for the diabetes drug exenatide, approved in 2005.
Exene Cervenka
Exene Cervenka (born Christine Cervenka, 1956, Chicago) is the American singer, songwriter, and poet who co-founded Los Angeles punk band X with John Doe in 1977, known for albums Los Angeles and Wild Gift, plus the Knitters, solo records, and published books.
Exenteration (surgery)
Exenteration is an ultraradical surgical procedure removing the organs of a body cavity en bloc, most often the pelvic organs, to treat advanced or recurrent cancer.
Exercise
Exercise: planned physical activity for fitness and health. Aerobic and resistance types; WHO advises 150-300 min moderate aerobic plus 2 days muscle-strengthening weekly; 31% of adults fall short.
Exercise echocardiography
Exercise echocardiography is a cardiac ultrasound test imaging the heart during or after exercise to detect ischemia, used to diagnose and risk-stratify coronary artery disease.
Exercise intolerance
Exercise intolerance is a reduced ability to perform physical activity, limited by dyspnea, fatigue, or leg discomfort. Causes include heart failure (about 50% of the 6 million U.S. patients), COPD, anemia, and Long COVID; CPET is the gold-standard assessment.
Exercise Movement Techniques
Exercise Movement Techniques: MeSH heading (D026241, introduced 2002) for structured physical activity methods promoting well-being, covering breathing exercises, Qigong, Dance Therapy, Tai Ji, Yoga, and Pilates-based exercises.
Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology: study of acute bodily responses and chronic adaptations to exercise, from Lavoisier's calorimetry and Hill's VO2max to modern FITT prescription, cardiac rehabilitation, wearables, and molecular transducers research.
Exercise Red Flag
Exercise Red Flag, also known as Operation Red Flag, is a realistic US Air Force air combat training exercise run from Nellis AFB, Nevada, since 1975.
Exercise Reforger
Exercise Reforger (Return of Forces to Germany) was the annual US and NATO strategic mobility exercise, 1969 to 1993, testing rapid transatlantic reinforcement of West Germany using pre-positioned equipment, peaking with 125,000 troops in 1988.
Exercise stress testing
Exercise stress testing is a diagnostic procedure that monitors the ECG, blood pressure, and symptoms during treadmill exercise to detect myocardial ischemia and assess prognosis.
Exercise Tarang Shakti
Exercise Tarang Shakti is a biennial multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force; its 2024 debut was India's first and largest such exercise, and the 2026 edition at Jodhpur drew seven participating nations, 32 observers and the first F-35s in Indian skies.
Exercise Therapy
Exercise therapy: prescribed physical activity regimens (exercise prescription, remedial exercise) to restore musculoskeletal function or reduce pain. Moderate-certainty evidence supports it for chronic low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, depression, and stroke rehabilitation.
Exercise Tiger
Exercise Tiger, the April 1944 Allied full-dress rehearsal for the Utah Beach D-Day landing at Slapton Sands, Devon; German E-boats sank two LSTs on 28 April 1944, killing 749 (possibly 947) American servicemen.
Exercise Tolerance
Exercise tolerance: an individual's exercise capacity measured as maximal exercise duration or work load during an exercise test; assessed by CPET (gold standard), graded stress tests, or six-minute walk, and a strong prognostic marker.
Exercise tolerance test
The exercise tolerance test, also called the exercise stress test or exercise ECG, is a cardiology procedure that detects exercise-induced ischemia while the patient walks on a treadmill or cycles.
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare, potentially fatal hypersensitivity syndrome in which anaphylaxis occurs with exercise; in its food-dependent form, symptoms arise only when exercise follows eating a trigger food, most often wheat.
Exercise-induced bronchospasm
Exercise-induced bronchospasm, now called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), formerly exercise-induced asthma, is acute airway narrowing triggered by exercise, affecting up to 90% of asthma patients and 30–70% of elite athletes, diagnosed by a ≥10% FEV1 fall and treated with pre-exercise SABA.
Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism
Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (EIHI, MCT1-HI, HHF7) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital hyperinsulinism caused by SLC16A1 promoter mutations, causing hypoglycemia 30–45 minutes after anaerobic exercise.
Exercise-induced malignant hyperthermia
Exercise-induced malignant hyperthermia, also called awake MH or exertional heat stroke, is a rare RYR1-related disorder in which exercise and heat trigger hyperthermia above 40°C, encephalopathy, and rhabdomyolysis, treated with dantrolene rather than cooling alone.
Exergy
Exergy, also called available energy or availability, is a thermodynamic property measuring the maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it reaches equilibrium with a reference environment.