All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Exergy analysis
Exergy analysis is a second-law thermodynamic method that quantifies the useful work potential destroyed or lost in energy systems, ranking components by inefficiency to guide design improvement.
Exergy efficiency
Exergy efficiency, also called second-law efficiency, is the ratio of useful exergy a system delivers to the exergy supplied, weighing energy by quality as well as quantity.
Exertional dizziness
Exertional dizziness (ICD-11 MB48.2), dizziness triggered by physical exertion; also called exertional vertigo. Causes include autonomic dysregulation, cardiac disease during exercise, and benign post-exercise postural hypotension.
Exertional rhabdomyolysis
Exertional rhabdomyolysis: exercise-induced skeletal muscle breakdown causing severe pain, swelling, dark urine and CK over 10,000 IU/L; main complication acute kidney injury, usually under 10% of cases.
Exeter
Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum, Escanceaster) is a Devon cathedral city on the River Exe: Roman walled town, Decorated Gothic cathedral with a 96 m vault, 130,700 residents (2021), and from 2028 the center of a new unitary council.
Exeter Book
Exeter Book (Codex Exoniensis), Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501: a 10th-century anthology of Old English poetry and nearly 100 riddles, written by one scribe about 970, donated by Bishop Leofric, digitized in 2021.
Exeter Chiefs
Exeter Chiefs, English professional rugby union club in Exeter, Devon, founded 1872 as Exeter Rugby Club. Premiership champions 2017 and 2020, Heineken Champions Cup winners 2020, home ground Sandy Park since 2006.
Exeter City F.C.
Exeter City F.C., the Grecians, English fan-owned football club in Exeter, Devon, formed 1901 as St Sidwell's United, renamed 1904; first club to play Brazil (1914); plays at St James Park.
Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College, Oxford (founded 1314) is the University of Oxford's fourth-oldest college, founded by Bishop Walter de Stapeldon on Turl Street; distinct from Exeter College, Devon, a further education college.
Exeter Roman Bathhouse
Exeter Roman Bathhouse: stone legionary bathhouse of Legio II Augusta at Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum), built about AD 60, earliest monumental masonry building in Britain's South-West; excavated 1971-1972 under Cathedral Close, later converted to a basilica, now buried and scheduled.
ExeVir
ExeVir Bio BV is a Ghent, Belgium-based clinical-stage biotechnology company, a spin-out of the research institute VIB, developing llama-derived single-domain antibody therapies for infectious disease, principally COVID-19.
ExFAT
ExFAT (extensible File Allocation Table) is a Microsoft file system and the successor to FAT32, standard on SDXC memory cards and used for large files on USB drives.
Exfoliation (cosmetology)
Exfoliation (cosmetology), also called chemexfoliation when chemical, removes dead skin cells via mechanical scrubs, microdermabrasion, or hydroxy acid peels; distinguished from medical desquamation by its cosmetic purpose and FDA-supervised professional peels.
Exfoliative cytology
Exfoliative cytology is the microscopic examination of cells shed or scraped from body surfaces to detect infections, hormonal changes, and precancerous or cancerous lesions, best known through the Pap test.
Exfoliative ichthyosis
Exfoliative ichthyosis (ichthyosis exfoliativa, ORPHA:289586) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with infancy-onset palmoplantar peeling worsened by water and occlusion, caused by loss-of-function CSTA or SERPINB8 mutations.
Exhalation
Exhalation (respiratory expiration): the act of breathing out. Passive at rest via lung elastic recoil; active via internal intercostals and abdominals during exercise; expiratory flow limitation causes dynamic hyperinflation in COPD.
Exhaust air heat pump
An exhaust air heat pump is an air-source heat pump that recovers heat from a building's ventilation exhaust air; because its capacity is limited, it needs a supplementary heat source.
Exhaust fan
An exhaust fan is a ventilation device that draws moist air, odors, and pollutants out of a room and discharges them outside, most often in bathrooms and kitchens.
Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas, also known as car exhaust or tailpipe emissions, is the mixture of gases and particles that leaves an internal combustion engine or boiler after fuel burns.
Exhaust gas recirculation
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an engine emission control technique that routes exhaust gas back into the intake, cutting combustion temperatures and nitrogen oxide emissions in diesel and gasoline engines.
Exhaust system
An exhaust system is the set of pipes and components that carries engine combustion gases to the tailpipe, using mufflers to cut noise and catalytic converters to cut pollution.
Exhaust system (steam locomotive)
The exhaust system of a steam locomotive, known as the front end, uses exhaust steam to draw air through the fire, setting the locomotive's power and fuel use.
Exhausted T cell
Exhausted T cell, or T cell exhaustion: a dysfunctional T cell state from chronic antigen stimulation in chronic infection and cancer, marked by hierarchical effector function loss, high PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 expression, epigenetic stabilization, and partial reversal by checkpoint blockade.
Exhaustion due to exposure
Exhaustion due to exposure (ICD-11 NF07.2; ICD-10 T73.2) is a classification category for severe weakness and low resilience from extreme or prolonged environmental exposure, listed as an ill-defined condition not usable as underlying cause of death.
Exhibiting Forgiveness
Exhibiting Forgiveness is a 2024 American drama, the feature directorial debut of painter Titus Kaphar, starring André Holland, Andra Day, John Earl Jelks, and Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor. Semi-autobiographical story of a painter confronting his estranged abusive father; premiered at Sundance 2024, released October 18, 2024 by Roadside Attractions, with paintings exhibited at Gagosian and the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
Exhibition
Exhibition: an organized public display of objects, concepts, or knowledge, central to museum activity per ICOM's 2022 definition; covers design stages, evaluation methods, accessibility, dwell times, and blockbusters.
Exhibition drill
Exhibition drill is choreographed military drill with rifle spins and throws, distinct from regulation drill. Performed by U.S. service drill teams, JROTC and ROTC units, and civilian teams; first documented in Hadji Cheriff's 1893 act, military form emerged in the late 1940s.
Exhibition game
Exhibition game, also called friendly or exhibition match, is a sports game outside official competition played for practice, entertainment, or promotion; includes NHL preseason games and Olympic demonstration sports, with no effect on standings.
Exhibition Stadium
Exhibition Stadium, formally the Canadian National Exhibition Stadium and nicknamed the CNE Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium in Toronto that hosted baseball's Blue Jays from 1977 until 1989.
Exhibitionism
Exhibitionism: a paraphilia of sexual excitement from genital exposure to unsuspecting strangers; exhibitionistic disorder (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11 6D30) requires nonconsenting acts or distress for 6+ months; prevalence up to 8% in men; treated with SSRIs, antiandrogens.