All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Exoplanet atmospheric chemistry
Exoplanet atmospheric chemistry is the study of chemical composition in atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars, inferred from spectroscopy and models, with detections of water, methane, and carbon dioxide.
Exoplanet biosignature false-positive framework (abiotic O2)
The exoplanet biosignature false-positive framework for abiotic O2 distinguishes life-produced atmospheric oxygen from oxygen made without life, chiefly on planets orbiting M dwarf stars, using observational tests.
Exoplanet magnetic field
An exoplanet magnetic field is the global magnetic field generated inside a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun, first directly detected via radio bursts from Beta Pictoris b in the mid-2020s.
Exoplanet phase curve
An exoplanet phase curve is the measurement of a star-planet system's total brightness as the planet orbits, letting astronomers infer an exoplanet's atmosphere, clouds, winds, and heat distribution without imaging it.
Exopolymeric substances
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) are organic polymers, mostly polysaccharides and proteins, excreted by microbes such as bacteria and phytoplankton, binding marine snow aggregates and driving biofilm fouling.
Exopolyphosphatase
Exopolyphosphatase (PPX, EC 3.6.1.11), also called metaphosphatase, processively hydrolyzes terminal phosphates from inorganic polyphosphate to release orthophosphate; key bacterial polyP-degrading enzyme, Mg2+/K+-dependent, inhibited by pppGpp.
Exor (company)
Exor is one of Europe's largest diversified holding companies, headquartered in Amsterdam and controlled by the Agnelli family, with major stakes in Ferrari, Stellantis, CNH Industrial, Philips, and Juventus.
Exor Seeds
Exor Seeds was the seed-stage venture capital arm of Exor N.V., the Agnelli family holding company, launched in June 2018 with USD 100 million and led by Noam Ohana.
Exorcism
Exorcism, also called spirit exorcism, is a ritual act that frees a person believed to be possessed by an evil spirit, practiced in Catholic, Orthodox, Islamic, Jewish, and Hindu traditions.
Exorcism Chronicles: The Beginning (퇴마록)
Exorcism Chronicles: The Beginning (퇴마록) is a 2025 South Korean 3D animated occult action film directed by Kim Dong-chul, adapted from Lee Woo-hyuk's best-selling novel series Toemarok.
Exorcism in Christianity
Exorcism in Christianity is the practice of expelling demons from a person, place, or object through prayer and ritual, grounded in the Gospel accounts of Jesus casting out demons.
Exorcism in the Catholic Church
Exorcism in the Catholic Church, known as Catholic exorcism, is a sacramental rite for expelling demons, performed only by a bishop or a priest with permission under canon 1172.
Exorcism of Roland Doe
The exorcism of Roland Doe, later identified as Ronald Hunkeler, was a series of Catholic exorcism sessions in 1949 that inspired the novel and film The Exorcist.
Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac
The exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac, also called the Gadarene swine, is a miracle of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels in which demons enter about 2,000 pigs.
Exorcist
An exorcist is a person who engages a superior spiritual power against an offending demon to remove it from the possessed, a practice found in many religions.
Exorcist II: The Heretic
Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), John Boorman's sequel to The Exorcist, starring Linda Blair and Richard Burton. A notorious flop: riots, a 100-minute recut, and the end of blind bidding.
Exorcist: The Beginning
Exorcist: The Beginning (2004) is Renny Harlin's prequel to The Exorcist, starring Stellan Skarsgård as Father Merrin in 1947 Kenya; it was entirely reshot after Paul Schrader's rejected version became Dominion (2005).
Exosat
Exosat, short for European X-ray Observatory SATellite, was a European Space Agency X-ray astronomy observatory launched in May 1983 that operated until 1986 and discovered quasi-periodic oscillations.
EXOSC10
EXOSC10 (Rrp6, PM/Scl-100), human nuclear-specific distributive 3'→5' exoribonuclease of the RNA exosome; matures 5.8S rRNA and snoRNAs in the nucleolus, clears dilncRNAs at DNA breaks, and is a 5-FU sensitivity gene.
Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton: the rigid external skeleton of arthropods, made of chitin in a protein matrix, often calcified in crustaceans; it supports and protects the body but must be shed by molting for growth.
Exoskeleton Device
Exoskeleton Device (MeSH, robotic exoskeleton): wearable external devices supporting the musculoskeletal system for gait, lifting, and rehabilitation; passive and active types with quantified occupational and clinical evidence.
Exosome (vesicle)
Exosome (vesicle): 30-100 nm extracellular vesicle released by multivesicular body fusion with the plasma membrane; discovered 1983 in reticulocytes by Johnstone and Stahl's groups; carries proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells; no FDA-approved exosome products exist.
Exosome complex
Exosome complex: conserved multi-subunit 3'→5' RNA degradation machine; eukaryotic nine-subunit catalytically inert core with Rrp44/Rrp6 nucleases, phosphorolytic archaeal exosome, bacterial PNPase counterpart.
Exosome therapy
Exosome therapy administers nanosized vesicles, usually from mesenchymal stromal cells, to deliver regenerative proteins and microRNAs to injured tissue; none is approved as of 2026.
Exosome-based drug delivery
Exosome-based drug delivery uses exosomes, nanosized vesicles secreted by most cells, as natural carriers of drugs and nucleic acids, with low toxicity and inherent targeting.
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery
Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery uses exosomes, nano-sized vesicles cells naturally release, to deliver small interfering RNA into target cells, with advantages in biocompatibility, low toxicity, and crossing barriers like the brain.
Exosphere
The exosphere, also known as the exoatmosphere, is the outermost layer of a planet's atmosphere, where atoms travel without colliding and the fastest escape into space.
Exostosin-like
Exostosin-like (EXTL1, EXTL2, EXTL3) proteins are the EXT-like branch of the five-member exostosin glycosyltransferase family that initiates, elongates, and regulates heparan sulfate biosynthesis; unlike EXT1/EXT2 they are not linked to hereditary multiple osteochondromas.
Exostosis
An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is a benign outgrowth of bone on its external surface, most commonly the cartilage-capped osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumor.
Exostosis of external auditory canal
Exostosis of the external auditory canal, or surfer's ear, is a benign broad-based bony growth of the deep ear canal caused by repeated cold water and wind exposure, typically bilateral and common in surfers, treated surgically only when severe.