All articles starting with E
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Exostosis of jaw
Exostosis of jaw (ICD-11 DA06.2), also called buccal exostosis, torus palatinus, or torus mandibularis: benign non-pathologic bony overgrowths of the maxilla or mandible, common, often bilateral, surgically removed only when function is affected.
Exostosis of orbit
Exostosis of orbit (眼窩外骨腫), ICD-11 9A24.4, is a benign bony outgrowth of the orbital walls, a bony deformity distinguished from orbital osteoma and other fibro-osseous lesions.
Exotec
Exotec is a French warehouse-robotics company founded in 2015, best known for the Skypod system in which robots climb storage racks to deliver bins to pickers.
Exotel
Exotel is a Bengaluru-based cloud telephony and customer-engagement software company founded in 2011 by Shivakumar Ganesan and others, serving over 7,000 businesses with voice APIs, contact-center software, and conversational AI.
Exotenhaus
Exotenhaus: German zoo term for an exotic-animal house. Best known is Karlsruhe Zoo's Exotenhaus, the 1955 Tullabad swimming pool converted in 2015 into a tropical hall with free-roaming animals; Worms has another.
Exothermic process
An exothermic process is a chemical or physical change that releases energy to its surroundings as heat, with a negative enthalpy change, as in combustion, freezing, and condensation.
Exothermic reaction
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat to its surroundings because its enthalpy change is negative; combustion is the most familiar example.
Exotic matter
Exotic matter is matter with negative energy density in general relativity, the substance needed to hold traversable wormholes open and sustain warp bubbles, with the Casimir effect its established source.
Exotic pet
An exotic pet, also called a novelty pet, is a wild, non-domesticated animal kept in a private household, ranging from parakeets and goldfish to ball pythons and tigers.
Exotic R4
An exotic R4 is a smooth manifold homeomorphic to ordinary Euclidean four-space but not diffeomorphic to it; dimension four is the only one with such structures, and uncountably many exist.
Exotic Shorthair
Exotic Shorthair (Exotic), a man-made cat breed created in 1950s America from Persian and American Shorthair crosses, recognized by CFA in 1966; a short-haired, plush-coated Persian with the same head, body type, colors, and PKD health risks.
Exotic sphere
An exotic sphere is a smooth manifold that is topologically a sphere but has a different smooth structure, first discovered by John Milnor in dimension 7 in 1956.
Exotic star
An exotic star is a hypothetical compact star composed of matter other than ordinary nuclear matter, including strange stars, quark stars, boson stars, and electroweak stars.
Exotropia
Exotropia, also called wall-eye, is an outward-turning eye misalignment (strabismus). Most common form is intermittent exotropia (75-90% of cases, ~1% prevalence); treated with patching, overminus lenses, or eye muscle surgery.
Expandable tubulars
Expandable tubulars are steel pipes and liners that are mechanically expanded in situ after being run into an oil or gas wellbore, keeping downhole size for zonal isolation and casing repair.
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL)
Expanded Activated Lymphocytes (EAL, 扩增活化的淋巴细胞, 爱可仑赛注射液) is Beijing Yongtai's autologous non-gene-modified CIK-type T-cell immunotherapy for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after resection; CDE breakthrough therapy 2023, conditional marketing application accepted 2025.
Expanded carrier screening
Expanded carrier screening is a genetic test offered to prospective parents, ideally before conception, that detects carrier status for dozens to hundreds of recessive and X-linked conditions at once.
Expanded Disability Status Scale
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a clinical rating scale quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis, scoring from 0 to 10 in 0.5 steps.
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), USDA/NIFA nutrition education program begun 1969, run by 76 Land-Grant Universities for low-income families and youth, with peer educators, four core areas, and cost-benefit evidence.
Expanded genetic code
Expanded genetic code (genetic code expansion, GCE): engineered orthogonal aaRS/tRNA pairs that site-specifically insert noncanonical amino acids into proteins, first done in E. coli in 2001, now spanning over 200 ncAAs, quadruplet codons, unnatural base pairs, and recoded genomes.
Expanded granular sludge bed digestion
Expanded granular sludge bed digestion is a high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment process using a tall upflow reactor of granular sludge, developed from the UASB reactor in the late 1980s.
Expanded polystyrene
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid, closed-cell thermoplastic foam made from polystyrene beads and about 98 percent air, used mainly for protective packaging, building insulation, and temperature-controlled containers.
Expanded rubber
Expanded rubber, also called sponge rubber, is a flexible cellular rubber produced by expanding a vulcanizable rubber compound with a gas-releasing blowing agent during curing.
Expander cycle
The expander cycle is a closed rocket-engine cycle in which hydrogen heated in the cooling jacket drives the turbine, with no gas generator, used in the RL10.
Expander graph
An expander graph is a sparse but highly connected graph, usually studied as constant-degree families, with applications in network design, error-correcting codes, and proof systems.
Expanding bullet
An expanding bullet, also called a dum-dum bullet, is a projectile that deforms on impact to transfer more energy, banned in war but standard for hunting and policing.
Expanding Polytope Algorithm
The Expanding Polytope Algorithm (EPA) is an iterative computational geometry algorithm, devised by Gino van den Bergen, that computes penetration depth and contact normal between two intersecting convex shapes.
Expanse (supercomputer)
Expanse is a petascale supercomputer at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UC San Diego, funded by the National Science Foundation and in production since December 2020.
Expansion card
An expansion card, also called an expansion board or add-in card, is a circuit board inserted into a motherboard to add functions like graphics or networking.
Expansion chamber
An expansion chamber is the tuned, trumpet-then-funnel exhaust of two-stroke engines, using pressure waves to scavenge the cylinder and raise power by up to 15 to 20 percent.