All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Flash smelting
Flash smelting is a smelting process in which fine, dry sulfide concentrates react while suspended in hot, oxygen-enriched air. Developed by Finland's Outokumpu in the 1940s, it is the dominant primary copper smelting technology.
Flash spark plasma sintering
Flash spark plasma sintering (FSPS), also called flash hot pressing (FHP), combines flash sintering with spark plasma sintering to densify hard-to-sinter ceramics in seconds with limited grain growth.
Flash steam geothermal power
Flash steam geothermal power is the most widely used geothermal technology, flashing pressurized hot water above 182°C into steam to drive turbines; a double flash variant yields 15–25% more power.
Flash Thompson
Flash Thompson (Eugene Thompson) is a Marvel Comics character, Spider-Man's high school bully and biggest fan, later a legless war veteran who becomes Agent Venom and Agent Anti-Venom, debuting in Amazing Fantasy #15 (1962).
Flash translation layer
A flash translation layer (FTL) is SSD firmware that makes NAND flash behave like a conventional block device through address translation, wear-leveling, and garbage collection.
Flash vacuum pyrolysis
Flash vacuum pyrolysis, also called flash vacuum thermolysis, is a technique that vaporizes a compound under high vacuum through a hot tube to generate reactive intermediates.
FlashAttention
FlashAttention is an IO-aware algorithm for computing exact transformer attention on GPUs, introduced by Tri Dao and collaborators in a NeurIPS 2022 paper, that never materializes the quadratic attention matrix in main memory.
Flashback (narrative)
Flashback (analepsis) is a narrative device interrupting chronology to depict past events, first used in film with Zecca's Histoire d'un crime (1901); the word arose in film criticism around 1916 and is analyzed by Genette and Turim.
Flashback (psychology)
Flashback (psychology): involuntary, vivid re-experiencing of a past event with a here-and-now quality, a hallmark PTSD intrusion symptom; term coined by Mardi Horowitz around 1970 for post-psychedelic images, entering PTSD criteria in DSM-III-R (1987).
FlashCam
FlashCam is a fully digital Cherenkov camera for the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, assigned to its southern array site alongside NectarCAM.
Flashcard
Flashcard: a prompt-and-answer study card used for retrieval practice and spaced repetition. Paper cards spread from the 1800s; apps like Anki and Quizlet automate scheduling, with meta-analyses showing moderate learning gains.
Flashdance
Flashdance (1983) is an American romantic drama directed by Adrian Lyne, starring Jennifer Beals as welder-bar dancer Alex Owens. Paramount release, $7.5M budget, Oscar-winning song "Flashdance… What a Feeling," third-highest-grossing U.S. film of 1983.
Flashdance... What a Feeling
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" is Irene Cara's 1983 theme song for the film Flashdance, written with Giorgio Moroder and Keith Forsey; it topped the Hot 100 for six weeks and won the Oscar, Golden Globe, and a Grammy.
Flasher origami pattern
The flasher is an origami pattern, designed by Jeremy Shafer and Chris Palmer, that collapses a circular sheet into a compact bundle and is used in deployable space structures.
FlashEx (闪送) (Shansong)
FlashEx (闪送, Shansong) is a Beijing-based on-demand same-city courier company founded in 2014, known for its one-courier-per-order model and its Nasdaq listing in October 2024.
FlashForward
FlashForward is an American science fiction television series that aired on ABC from 2009 to 2010, and ran for a single season of 22 episodes.
FlashInfer
FlashInfer is an open-source kernel library for large language model inference, providing attention, GEMM, and mixture-of-experts operators that serving engines like vLLM and SGLang use as a backend.
Flashing beacon
A flashing beacon is a highway traffic signal that operates in a flashing mode rather than a normal red-yellow-green sequence, controlling intersections or warning drivers.
Flashing Lights (Kanye West song)
"Flashing Lights" is a 2007 Kanye West song from Graduation, featuring Dwele and Connie Mitchell, written with Eric Hudson; it peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart and has about 1.94 billion Spotify streams.
Flashlight
A flashlight, also called an electric torch, is a hand-held, battery-powered portable light, named for the brief flashes of weak early models before household adoption around 1910.
Flashlight (Jessie J song)
"Flashlight" is a 2015 pop ballad by Jessie J, lead single of the Pitch Perfect 2 soundtrack, written by Sia, Sam Smith, Christian Guzman, and Jason Moore, produced by Greg Kurstin, peaking at No. 2 in Australia and No. 13 in the UK.
Flashlight (novel)
Flashlight is Susan Choi's sixth novel (FSG, June 3, 2025), about Louisa, whose Korean Japanese father Serk disappears on a Japanese beach and is kidnapped to North Korea; Booker 2025 shortlist, National Book Award longlist, 2026 Chautauqua Prize winner.
Flashover
Flashover is the transition in a compartment fire where exposed surfaces ignite almost simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly, or, in electrical engineering, a conductive arc across an insulator surface or gas gap below bulk breakdown voltage.
FlashParking
FlashParking, also known as Klever Logic, is an Austin, Texas-based parking software and mobility platform company founded in 2011, rebranded as Flash and valued above $1 billion in 2022.
Flashpoint (comics)
Flashpoint is DC Comics' 2011 five-issue miniseries by Geoff Johns and Andy Kubert, in which Barry Allen wakes in an altered timeline where his mother lives and Aquaman and Wonder Woman wage war; it launched the New 52 reboot.
Flashpoint (TV series)
Flashpoint is a Canadian police drama (2008–2012) on CTV and CBS, created by Mark Ellis and Stephanie Morgenstern, about Toronto's Strategic Response Unit; 75 episodes, 11 Gemini Awards, first Canadian primetime series in both countries since Due South.
Flask (web framework)
Flask, also known as Python Flask, is a lightweight Python web framework created by Armin Ronacher. First released in 2010, it is a microframework that leaves databases and forms to extensions.
Flat (music)
Flat (music): the accidental sign ♭ that lowers a note one semitone, also called bemolle. Originated as B rotundum in 10th-century hexachord notation; covers double flats, enharmonics, and B-flat transposing instruments.
Flat band
A flat band is an electronic energy band with little or no dispersion in momentum space, suppressing kinetic energy and enabling strongly correlated phases like superconductivity.
Flat cap
The flat cap, also called the cloth cap or Ivy cap, is a soft rounded wool cap with a short stiff front brim, worn since the fourteenth century.