All articles starting with F
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Flat dimension
Flat dimension, also called weak dimension, is a homological invariant of a module over a ring, the length of the shortest resolution of the module by flat modules.
Flat Display Mounting Interface
The Flat Display Mounting Interface, also known as the VESA mount, is a VESA standard defining mounting hole patterns and screws for attaching flat displays to stands, arms, and wall mounts.
Flat Earth
Flat Earth, also known as the flat Earth theory, is the disproven belief that Earth is a plane rather than a sphere about 12,742 km across.
Flat engine
A flat engine, also called a horizontally opposed engine, is a piston engine with two cylinder banks on either side of a central crankshaft. It powers almost all small aircraft built since World War II.
Flat feet
Flat feet, also known as pes planus, is a common condition in which the foot's arch is diminished or absent, and it usually needs no treatment.
Flat Glass Group
Flat Glass Group (福莱特) is a Chinese glass manufacturer founded in 1998 and headquartered in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, one of the world's largest producers of photovoltaic glass for solar modules.
Flat iron steak
Flat iron steak (butler's steak, oyster blade) is a tender beef cut from the infraspinatus top blade muscle of the chuck, created by removing its central connective-tissue seam; second most tender cut, NAMP 1114D, developed from 2000s muscle-profiling research.
Flat module
A flat module is one whose tensoring preserves exactness of sequences; Serre introduced flatness in his 1956 GAGA paper, and Grothendieck recognized its geometric significance.
Flat morphism
A flat morphism is a morphism of schemes whose local ring maps make every local ring of the source a flat module over the target.
Flat organization
A flat organization, also known as flat management or a horizontal organization, is a company with few or no management layers between frontline staff and leadership.
Flat Rock Assembly Plant
Flat Rock Assembly Plant, formerly the Ford-Mazda joint venture AutoAlliance International, is a Ford assembly plant in Flat Rock, Michigan, near Detroit, that builds the Ford Mustang.
Flat roof
A flat roof is a nearly horizontal roof made watertight by a continuous membrane and sloped about 2 to 25 percent to drains, typical on commercial buildings.
Flat Stanley
Flat Stanley, Jeff Brown's 1964 Harper & Row children's series about Stanley Lambchop, a boy flattened by a bulletin board and mailed in an envelope; origin of the 1994 Flat Stanley school exchange project.
Flat tax
A flat tax is an income tax with a single rate above an allowance, popularized by Hall and Rabushka and adopted by over 20 countries from the 1990s.
Flat Top Mtn.
Flat Top Mtn. (Flat Top Mountain) names several peaks, notably Colorado's highest Flat Tops summit on the volcanic-capped White River Plateau, plus Table Top (AZ, 4,373 ft), Texas, Alaska, and New Zealand flat-topped mountains.
Flat white
Flat white: an espresso-milk coffee drink with thin microfoam, smaller and stronger than a latte, originated in Australia (Sydney 1985, Alan Preston) or New Zealand (Wellington 1989, Fraser McInnes), a still-disputed origin; globalized by Starbucks in 2015.
Flat-band ferromagnetism
Flat-band ferromagnetism is a rigorously proven form of itinerant ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model on lattices with a completely flat lowest energy band, seen in Mielke, Lieb, and Tasaki models.
Flat-band superconductivity
Flat-band superconductivity is superconductivity arising in dispersionless electronic bands where quenched kinetic energy lets even weak interactions dominate, with transition temperatures scaling linearly with interaction strength rather than exponentially.
Flat-coated Retriever
The Flat-coated Retriever, or Flatcoat, is a British gundog breed with a flat-lying black or liver coat, developed in the 19th century to retrieve game birds.
Flat-field correction
Flat-field correction is an image-processing step that removes uneven illumination, vignetting, dust shadows, and pixel-to-pixel sensitivity differences so intensities can be compared across an image.
Flat-four engine
A flat-four engine is a four-cylinder engine with horizontally opposed cylinder banks on either side of the crankshaft, giving smooth balance and a low center of gravity.
Flat-panel detector
A flat-panel detector is a large-area digital X-ray imaging device built on an active-matrix thin-film transistor array, introduced commercially in the late 1990s and now central to radiography, fluoroscopy, and mammography.
Flat-panel display
A flat-panel display is a thin, lightweight electronic screen that forms images from pixels, replacing bulky cathode-ray tubes; LCD, plasma, and OLED are the main technologies.
Flat-plate collector
A flat-plate collector is a non-concentrating solar thermal collector in which a flat, glazed absorber plate heats a circulating fluid, used for domestic water heating and space heating.
Flat-six engine
The flat-six engine, also known as H6 or boxer six, is a six-cylinder piston engine best known for powering Porsche 911, Subaru vehicles, and general aviation aircraft.
Flat-slab subduction
Flat-slab subduction is a style of subduction in which an oceanic plate flattens at about 100 km depth and runs nearly horizontally beneath the overriding plate.
Flat-spectrum radio quasar
A flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) is a blazar whose relativistic jet points near our line of sight, distinguished from BL Lac objects by strong, broad emission lines.
Flat-twin engine
A flat-twin engine, often called a boxer, is a two-cylinder engine with opposed cylinders, patented by Karl Benz in 1896 and best known from BMW motorcycles.
Flatbed truck
A flatbed truck is a truck or tractor-trailer with a completely open, flat cargo deck, loaded by crane or forklift and used for steel, lumber, and pipe.
Flatbread
Flatbread: thin, often unleavened bread such as chapati, tortilla, naan, and pita; the oldest bread type, with evidence from Jordan dating to 14,400 years ago, baked at 300–600 °C.