All articles starting with F

Foreclosure

Foreclosure: legal process by which a lender satisfies an unpaid mortgage debt by selling the borrower's property. Judicial vs non-judicial routes, 120-day federal notice rule, loss mitigation options, and state-law effects distinguish it.

ForeFlight

ForeFlight is an American aviation software company founded in 2007, best known for ForeFlight Mobile, an electronic flight bag app for iPad and iPhone combining flight planning, weather, and charts.

Foregut

Foregut: the anterior-most region of the embryonic gut tube, giving rise to the pharynx, esophagus, trachea, lungs, stomach, liver, pancreas, thyroid, and upper duodenum; forms by anterior intestinal portal folding and is patterned by Sox2/Nkx2-1.

Foreign accent syndrome

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare motor speech disorder in which stroke, brain injury, or other neurological damage makes a person's native speech sound foreign; first described by Pierre Marie in 1907, named by Whitaker in 1982.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) is a 2010 United States federal law requiring foreign financial institutions to report accounts held by U.S. taxpayers.

Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs: American bimonthly journal of international relations published by the Council on Foreign Relations since September 15, 1922; origin of George Kennan's 1947 X Article; rated Center/Least Biased.

Foreign agent laws and the repression of civil society

Foreign agent laws: registration statutes for those acting for foreign principals. FARA (US, 1938) is a disclosure regime; Russia's 2012 law and copies in Georgia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Hungary repress civil society.

Foreign animal disease

Foreign animal disease (FAD): an animal disease absent from a country, including new strains, e.g. African swine fever, FMD, HPAI, screwworm. Governed by WOAH standards under the WTO SPS Agreement; in the US managed through APHIS FAD PReP.

Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences are non-US-citizen scientists elected to the academy, a category dating to 1864 with Michael Faraday among the first.

Foreign body granuloma of skin

Foreign body granuloma of skin (foreign body reaction, ICD-10 L92.3) is a chronic macrophage and giant-cell reaction to indigestible material such as tattoos, cosmetic fillers, sutures, silica, or splinters, presenting as red-brown nodules and treated by excision, lasers, or steroid injection.

Foreign body in alimentary tract

Foreign body in alimentary tract: swallowed nonfood objects or food bolus impactions lodged in the GI tract, also called ingested foreign bodies. 80-90% pass spontaneously; button batteries, magnets, and sharp objects need emergent endoscopy.

Foreign body in bladder

Foreign body in bladder (intravesical foreign body, ICD-11 ND74.1): an object in the urinary bladder entered via the urethra, migration, iatrogenic injury, or trauma; presents with hematuria, dysuria, frequency; removed cystoscopically.

Foreign body in bronchus

A foreign body in bronchus is an aspirated object lodged in a bronchial airway, a potentially life-threatening condition that usually requires bronchoscopic removal and most often affects children under 3.

Foreign body in colon

Foreign body in colon (ICD-11 ND73.4): an object in the large intestine, swallowed or inserted. Mostly men (37:1), household objects 42.2%, rising US incidence, managed by observation, endoscopy, or stepwise surgery.

Foreign body in conjunctival sac

Foreign body in conjunctival sac (ICD-10 T15.1, ICD-11 ND70.1): external material such as dust, metal, or glass lodged in the conjunctival sac between eyeball and eyelids; removed by irrigation or moist cotton applicator after anesthetic.

Foreign body in ear

Foreign body in ear (ICD-11 ND71): an object lodged in the external auditory canal, common in children (beads, food, toys) and adults (insects, hearing aid parts). Button batteries are urgent; removal uses irrigation, suction, or instruments.

Foreign body in genitourinary tract

Foreign body in genitourinary tract (ICD-11 ND74): object in urethra, bladder, vagina, or uterus, usually self-inserted for autoerotic reasons; causes dysuria, hematuria, infection; removed endoscopically or by open surgery.

Foreign body in larynx

Foreign body in larynx (ICD-11 ND72.3): an inhaled object lodged in the larynx, presenting with stridor, hoarseness, and respiratory distress; most aspirated objects lodge lower, in the bronchi.

Foreign body in mouth

Foreign body in mouth (ICD-11 ND73.0): a retained object such as a fish bone, coin, or dental instrument in the oral cavity. Most ingested objects pass spontaneously in 3 to 7 days; batteries, magnets, and sharp objects need urgent removal.

Foreign body in nasal sinus

Foreign body in nasal sinus (ICD-10 T17.0, ICD-11 ND72.0): an object, usually a tooth root or dental implant displaced during dental treatment, lodged in a paranasal sinus, most often the maxillary sinus; removed surgically, increasingly by endoscopic sinus surgery.

Foreign body in oesophagus

A foreign body in the esophagus is an ingested object or food bolus lodged in the esophagus, which is the most common site of impaction in the gastrointestinal tract.

Foreign body in pharynx

Foreign body in pharynx (ICD-10-CM T17.2; ICD-11 ND72.2): an object, food bolus, or mucus lodged in the throat. Fish bones and food boluses are typical; clinical exam and indirect laryngoscopy outperform routine radiography; endoscopy removes most retained bodies.

Foreign body in respiratory tract

Foreign body in respiratory tract (ICD-11 ND72): an inhaled object lodged in nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, or bronchi. Mostly children under 3; peanuts and food most common; treated by back slaps, abdominal thrusts, and bronchoscopic removal.

Foreign body in small intestine

Foreign body in small intestine (ICD-11 ND73.3): impaction or retention of a swallowed object, phytobezoar, or trichobezoar in the small bowel; 80-90% pass spontaneously, complications include obstruction, perforation, and sepsis.

Foreign body in stomach

Foreign body in stomach (ICD-11 ND73.2): retention of a swallowed nonfood object in the stomach. Most pass in 4-6 days; sharp objects, magnets, batteries, and objects >2.5 cm or >6 cm need endoscopic removal.

Foreign body in trachea

Foreign body in trachea (ICD-11 ND72.4): an object inhaled into the windpipe. Also called tracheal foreign body aspiration. Cough is universal; nuts predominate in children; rigid bronchoscopy is the treatment of choice.

Foreign body in urethra

Foreign body in urethra (ICD-11 ND74.0, ICD-10 T19.0): an object lodged in the urethra, usually self-inserted by men for autoerotic or psychiatric reasons. Managed by manual, endoscopic, or open removal; strictures and infection are key complications.

Foreign body on external eye

Foreign body on external eye (ICD-11 ND70): superficially adherent or embedded objects on the cornea or conjunctival sac, causing pain, tearing, and photophobia; managed by irrigation, swab, spud, or needle removal, antibiotics, and no patching.

Sep 24, 2026

Foreign campaigns of the Russian army

The Foreign campaigns of the Russian army (Заграничные походы русской армии) of 1813–1814, fought with the Sixth Coalition, ended with the capture of Paris and Napoleon's abdication.