All articles starting with F
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French Montana
French Montana, born Karim Kharbouch in 1984 in Morocco, is a Moroccan-American rapper from the Bronx known for Cocaine City DVDs, the diamond single "Unforgettable" with Swae Lee, and albums Excuse My French and Jungle Rules.
French mother sauces
French mother sauces (sauces mères): the five classical bases, béchamel, velouté, espagnole, sauce tomate, and hollandaise, codified by Escoffier in the 1903 Guide Culinaire from Carême's four sauces, each generating daughter sauces like Mornay and béarnaise.
French name
French name: the prénom(s) plus hereditary nom de famille system of France, shaped by Villers-Cotterêts (1539), the 1803 naming law, and the 2022 surname-choice law, with Insee transmission statistics.
French nationality law
French nationality law (droit de la nationalité française) governs who is French: attribution at birth by parentage or double jus soli, and later acquisition by declaration, decree, or automatically, including the 2026 B2 language and civic exam requirements.
French Naval Aviation
French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale) is the air arm of the French Navy, headquartered at Toulon and operating Rafale fighters from the carrier Charles de Gaulle.
French Navy
The French Navy (Marine nationale) is France's naval force, the largest in the European Union, operating from Cherbourg, Brest, and Toulon, with the only nuclear-powered carrier outside the US Navy.
French New Wave
French New Wave (Nouvelle Vague): late-1950s/early-1960s French film movement of critic-turned-directors (Truffaut, Godard, Chabrol, Rohmer, Rivette, Varda) around Cahiers du Cinéma, rejecting studio "quality" cinema with location shooting, handheld cameras, jump cuts, and the politique des auteurs.
French nobility
French nobility (noblesse française): hereditary legal status of the Second Estate under the Ancien Régime, acquired by birth, ennobling office, or royal letters; feudal privileges abolished 1789, with about 3,000 descendant families remaining today.
French occupation of Bangkok and Mergui
The French occupation of Bangkok and Mergui stationed French troops in the forts of Bangkok and Mergui in Siam from 1687 until Phetracha's 1688 coup forced their withdrawal.
French onion soup
French onion soup (soupe à l'oignon) is a French soup of long-caramelized onions in beef stock, topped with bread and melted Gruyère or Comté, popularized 19th-century at Les Halles in Paris.
French Open
French Open (Roland-Garros, Internationaux de France): Grand Slam clay-court tennis tournament held each May–June at Stade Roland Garros, Paris; founded 1891, opened internationally 1925; Nadal holds 14 men's titles.
French orthography
French orthography: the writing system of the French language, also called French spelling, codified by the Académie française since 1694 and last amended by the 1990 Rectifications de l'orthographe, which made about 2,400 words acceptable under two spellings without being mandatory.
French pacification of Morocco
The French pacification of Morocco was the series of military campaigns by which France, between 1907 and 1934, subdued armed resistance across the Moroccan territory under its protectorate, established in 1912.
French paradox
The French paradox: low coronary heart disease death rates in France despite high saturated fat intake, attributed by Renaud and de Lorgeril's 1992 Lancet paper to red wine, now largely explained by methodological biases.
French Park
French Park (Parcul Francez) is the largest urban green space of Ungheni, Moldova, 13.9 ha on the Prut River near the Eiffel bridge; its name origin is undocumented, and it is being regenerated since 2026.
French Parliament
The French Parliament is the bicameral legislature of the Fifth Republic: the 577-seat National Assembly (Palais Bourbon) and the 348-seat Senate (Palais du Luxembourg), operating under the 1958 Constitution's rationalized parliamentarism.
French people
French people (les Français) are holders of French nationality, defined civically rather than ethnically. About 68.6 million residents in 2025, 2.5 million French abroad, no ethnic census permitted since a 2007 Constitutional Council decision.
French phonology
French phonology: the sound system of French, from Vulgar Latin origins through Old French diphthongization and nasal vowel development to the modern inventory of 16 vowels, liaison, schwa, and ongoing regional change in Paris, Quebec, and southern France.
French Polynesia
French Polynesia (Polynésie française) is an overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific with 118 islands and about 280,000 people, centered on Tahiti and Papeete.
French press
French press (cafetière, press pot, coffee plunger): a manual immersion coffee brewer with a mesh plunger, patented from the 1852 Mayer-Delforge Paris design through the 1929 Calimani-Moneta Italian patents and 1958 Bondanini version; coarse grind, about four minutes steep, 93 °C water, full-bodied unfiltered coffee.
French protectorate in Morocco
French protectorate in Morocco (Protectorat français au Maroc, 1912–1956): colonial regime under the Treaty of Fez of 30 March 1912, ruled by a Resident-General (first Lyautey) beside the nominal Sultan, alongside a much smaller Spanish zone and international Tangier; ended with independence recognized 2 March 1956.
French Protectorate of Cambodia
The French Protectorate of Cambodia (Protectorat français du Cambodge) was the regime under which Cambodia, formerly a vassal of Siam, was under French protection from 1863 until independence in 1953.
French protectorate of Laos
The French protectorate of Laos was the colonial administration France established over the Lao territories of the middle Mekong Valley in 1893, after Siam ceded its claims under the October 1893 treaty.
French protectorate of Tahiti
The French protectorate of Tahiti lasted from 1842 to 1880, under which the Kingdom of Tahiti stayed formally sovereign while France controlled its foreign relations and internal administration.
French protectorate of Tunisia
French protectorate of Tunisia (Protectorat français de Tunisie), 1881-1956: regime established by the Treaty of Bardo and the 1883 La Marsa Convention, ruled through the Bey and a French Resident General, ending with independence on 20 March 1956.
French Quarter
The French Quarter (Vieux Carré) is New Orleans' oldest neighborhood, founded by the French in 1718 and gridded in 1722 by Adrien de Pauger. Bounded by Canal, Rampart, Esplanade, and the Mississippi, it is a National Historic Landmark governed by the Vieux Carré Commission since 1937.
French Rally Championship
The Championnat de France des Rallyes is France's national rally championship, organized by the FFSA since 1967, awarding separate asphalt and gravel titles and producing drivers like Sébastien Loeb.
French Republican calendar
The French Republican (Revolutionary) calendar, used in France 1793-1805: 12 thirty-day months named by Fabre d'Églantine, ten-day décades, decimal time, epoch 22 September 1792, abolished by Napoleon 1 January 1806.
French Resistance
The French Resistance was the clandestine movement opposing German occupation and Vichy from 1940 to 1944, unified under de Gaulle via Jean Moulin's CNR in May 1943, contributing intelligence and sabotage to the Allied liberation of France.
French Revolution
French Revolution (Révolution française), 1787–1799 upheaval ending the Ancien Régime: Estates-General 1789, National Assembly, Rights of Man, republic, Terror, Directory, Napoleon; plus its contested historiography.