All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
French Revolution of 1848
French Revolution of 1848 (February Revolution): overthrow of Louis-Philippe's July Monarchy, founding of the Second Republic, universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery, June Days, and Louis-Napoléon's presidency.
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars, also known as the Wars of the French Revolution, were fought between revolutionary France and other European powers from 1792 to 1802.
French Riviera
French Riviera (Côte d'Azur): Mediterranean coast of southeast France from roughly Saint-Tropez or Cassis to Menton, including Monaco. Named by Stéphen Liégeard in 1887; developed by British winter tourists from 1763, summer resort since the 1920s.
French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)
French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814): second French occupation under Napoleon, via the secret Tilsit article of 1807; Septinsular Republic abolished; Donzelot governor; British took all islands but Corfu by 1814.
French Second Republic
The French Second Republic (Deuxième République) governed France from the February Revolution of 1848 until Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaimed the Second Empire in December 1852.
French Section of the Workers' International
SFIO (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière), French socialist party founded April 1905, led by Jaurès and Blum, split at Tours 1920, won the 1936 Popular Front, dissolved into the Socialist Party at Épinay 1971.
French Sign Language
French Sign Language (langue des signes française, LSF) is the natural sign language of deaf France, with its own grammar, recognized by the 2005 law, about 300,000 users, banned from schools after the 1880 Milan Congress, ancestor of ASL.
French Somaliland
French Somaliland (Côte française des Somalis) was a French colony on the Gulf of Aden, created by decree in 1896 with its capital at Djibouti and corresponding to present-day Djibouti.
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) are a French overseas territory of five districts in the Indian Ocean and Antarctica with no permanent population.
French Stewart
French Stewart, born Milton French Stewart in 1964, is an American actor best known for playing Harry Solomon on the NBC sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996–2001) and Chef Rudy on Mom.
French Stories
French Stories (Furansu monogatari, ふらんす物語) is a 1909 short story collection by Japanese writer Nagai Kafū, drawn from his stay in France and banned by censors; it followed his American Stories.
French submarine Surcouf
Surcouf was a French submarine cruiser, the world's largest submarine when she entered service in 1934, lost with her entire crew in the Caribbean in 1942.
French Sudan
French Sudan (Soudan français) was a French colony in present-day Mali, created by military conquest from 1880 to 1898 and a founding colony of French West Africa in 1895.
French Tarot
French Tarot (tarot français) is France's popular 78-card trick-taking game for 3-5 players, with bidding, the chien, bouts (petit, 21, excuse), and FFT-run tournaments; unrelated to fortune-telling.
French Territory of the Afars and the Issas
The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, abbreviated T.F.A.I., was the name of present-day Djibouti from 1967 until independence as the Republic of Djibouti in 1977.
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (Troisième République) governed France from its proclamation in 1870 until 1940, when Marshal Pétain received full powers, and was France's longest-lived regime since the Revolution.
French toast
French toast, called pain perdu ("lost bread") in France, is bread dipped in egg and milk and fried. Traced to Roman Apicius, named in England c. 1650, popularized in America by French immigrants.
French Union
The French Union (Union française, 1946–1958) was the Fourth Republic's replacement for the French colonial empire, created by the 27 October 1946 Constitution, uniting metropolitan France, overseas departments and territories, and associated states, and replaced in 1958 by the French Community.
French units of measurement
French units of measurement, also called units of measurement in France, were the traditional weights and measures of France, replaced by the metric system between 1795 and 1840.
French Wars of Religion
French Wars of Religion (guerres de Religion): eight civil wars between Catholics and Huguenot Calvinists, 1562–1598, from the Wassy massacre to Henry IV's Edict of Nantes; about 4 million dead, revoked in 1685.
French West Africa
French West Africa (Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonies in West Africa, administered from 1895 to 1959 under a governor-general seated at Dakar.
French West India Company
The French West India Company, or Compagnie des Indes occidentales, was a royal chartered trading company created by Louis XIV in 1664 on Colbert's initiative and dissolved in 1674.
French West Indies
French West Indies (Antilles françaises): Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, and Saint Barthélemy, Caribbean territories that are integral parts of France, colonized from 1635, departmentalized in 1946, with aging populations and CARICOM associate membership.
French wine
French wine: wine from France, second-largest world producer behind Italy with 792,000 ha of vines, first in export value (€12.0 bn, 2023), governed by the AOC/AOP appellation system across 17 regions.
French wine grape varieties
French wine grape varieties are the Vitis vinifera cultivars of French origin, defining Bordeaux, Burgundy, the Rhône, the Loire, and Alsace; 298 are cataloged, but 20 cover about 87% of plantings.
French-based creole languages
French-based creole languages, also called French creoles, are creole languages drawing most vocabulary from French, with over 10 million native speakers in the Caribbean and Indian Ocean.
Frenchmen Street
Frenchmen Street: live music corridor in the Faubourg Marigny, New Orleans, between Esplanade Avenue and Royal Street; named for five Frenchmen executed in 1769 (1768 by another account); clubs include Snug Harbor, Spotted Cat, d.b.a., Blue Nile.
Frenectomy
Frenectomy (frenulectomy): complete surgical removal of an oral frenulum, related to frenotomy and frenuloplasty. Main indications are ankyloglossia with breastfeeding difficulty and aberrant labial frenum causing diastema or gingival recession; evidence for non-breastfeeding indications is weak.
Frenemies (film)
Frenemies is a 2012 Disney Channel Original Movie directed by Daisy von Scherler Mayer, based on Alexa Young's novel, starring Zendaya and Bella Thorne in three intertwined friendship stories, premiering January 13, 2012.
Frenemy
Frenemy (also frienemy), a blend of friend and enemy, is an informal term for a person or group that acts friendly for benefit while harboring rivalry; first recorded 1950-55, studied in workplace ambivalence research.