All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11), encoded in vertebrates by FBP1 (liver) and FBP2 (muscle), hydrolyzes fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate as the rate-limiting gluconeogenesis enzyme, inhibited by AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; FBP1 deficiency causes hypoglycemia with lactic acidosis.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency (FBPase deficiency, Baker-Winegrad disease, OMIM 229700) is a rare autosomal recessive FBP1 gluconeogenesis disorder causing fasting hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis episodes in infants, treatable with glucose and fasting avoidance.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-2, EC 3.1.3.46) is the C-terminal phosphohydrolase domain of the bifunctional PFK-2/FBPase-2 (PFKFB) enzyme that degrades fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, the allosteric activator of glycolysis, via a phospho-histidine intermediate.
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, commonly called aldolase, is a lyase enzyme (EC 4.1.2.13) that splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two triose phosphates in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle.
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, class-II
Class-II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13, F_bP_aldolase, PF01116) is the zinc-dependent, mainly bacterial and fungal form of aldolase, a homodimeric TIM-barrel enzyme cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate via a metal-stabilized enolate, distinct from the Schiff-base class I enzyme.
Frugality
Frugality is the careful management of money and material resources, a voluntary virtue between waste and stinginess, marked by restrained acquiring and resourceful use of what one has.
Frugivore
Frugivore: an animal feeding primarily on fruit, including frugivorous birds, primates, bats, fish, and reptiles. Key facts: frugivory evolved independently many times; frugivores disperse seeds for roughly 60–80% of plant species; interactions span a mutualism–antagonism continuum.
Fruit
Fruit: botanically the ripened ovary of a flowering plant containing seeds; culinarily sweet or tart plant foods. Includes fruit types, the tomato vegetable question, Nix v. Hedden, and domestication.
Fruit fly optimization algorithm
The fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic for numerical optimization, introduced by Wen-Tsao Pan in 2011 and inspired by how fruit flies forage by smell and then sight.
Fruit Garden
Fruit Garden (百果園/百果园) names several entities: the 6.67-hectare fruit-tree exhibition garden at Expo 2019 Beijing with 180 varieties, the Pagoda fruit retail chain founded in Shenzhen in 2002 with 4,000+ stores, and fruit parlors in Taipei and Tokyo.
Fruit Growers Express
Fruit Growers Express was an American railroad refrigerator car leasing company founded by Armour and Company in 1895, headquartered in Washington, D.C., serving the eastern United States.
Fruit Love Island
Fruit Love Island, also called AI Fruit Love Island, was a 2026 TikTok microdrama by anonymous account AI Cinema (@ai.cinema021) parodying Love Island with AI-generated anthropomorphic fruit; it gained 3 million followers in nine days, 300 million views, then ended after takedowns on March 28, 2026.
Fruit of Islam
Fruit of Islam (F.O.I.): the men's organization and security force of the Nation of Islam, created by W. D. Fard in 1930s Detroit, disbanded by Warith Deen Muhammad in 1975, and rebuilt under Louis Farrakhan.
Fruit of Paradise
Fruit of Paradise (Ovoce stromů rajských jíme) is Věra Chytilová's 1970 Czechoslovak-Belgian allegorical film retelling Adam and Eve as a detective parable in a health spa, her last film before a seven-year normalization-era ban.
Fruit of the Holy Spirit
The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is the nine qualities Paul says the Spirit produces in believers, listed in Galatians 5:22–23: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.
Fruit of the Loom
Fruit of the Loom is an American apparel and sporting goods company founded in 1851, headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and owned by Berkshire Hathaway since 2002.
Fruit of the poisonous tree
Fruit of the poisonous tree is a US criminal procedure doctrine barring evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence, established in 1920 and named by Justice Frankfurter in 1939.
Fruit preserves
Fruit preserves are shelf-stable spreads made from fruit, sugar, acid, and pectin, concentrated to at least 65 percent soluble solids under US standards; jam, jelly, preserves, marmalade, conserve, and fruit butter differ by fruit form and additions.
Fruit salad
Fruit salad: a dish of mixed cut or whole fruits, served plain or dressed. Known in American recipe books since the 1850s; related to fruit cocktail; regulated as fresh-cut produce; includes rujak and ananas chaat variants.
Fruit tree
Fruit tree: woody perennial grown for edible fruit (apple, olive, citrus, mango, banana). Domesticated after grain agriculture in the fourth millennium BC; propagated by grafting scion onto rootstock; key crops in orchards and agroforestry.
Fruit- and vegetable-derived vitamin C
Fruit- and vegetable-derived vitamin C is ascorbic acid extracted from produce rather than synthesized; in the US it is covered by FDA GRAS Notice GRN 769 (NutriFusion LLC, no-questions letter, October 2018) as a substitute for other ascorbic acid forms.
Fruit-Gathering
Fruit-Gathering is a 1916 collection of 86 poems by Rabindranath Tagore, translated into English prose verse mostly by the author himself and published by Macmillan, following the success of Gitanjali.
Fruitarianism
Fruitarianism, or the fruitarian diet, is a highly restrictive vegan diet of primarily raw fruit (70-80% of calories), excluding cooked food, grains, and animal products; dietitians warn of B12, calcium, and protein deficiencies, diabetes and tooth-decay risks, and generally do not recommend it.
Fruitbearing Society
The Fruitbearing Society (German: Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft), also called the Palmenorden, was the first German language society, founded in Weimar in 1617 to promote and standardize a German high language.
Fruitcake
Fruitcake, also called Christmas cake or plum cake, is a dense cake of dried and candied fruit, nuts, and spices, often preserved with brandy or rum. Known for Roman origins, extreme shelf stability, and holiday and wedding traditions.
Fruitcake (Sabrina Carpenter EP)
fruitcake is Sabrina Carpenter's six-track Christmas EP, stylized in lowercase, released November 17, 2023; led by "A Nonsense Christmas", a holiday remix of "Nonsense", it later peaked at number 5 on the UK Official Albums Chart.
Fruits Basket
Fruits Basket (フルーツバスケット) is Natsuki Takaya's shōjo manga about Tohru Honda and the zodiac-cursed Sohma family, serialized 1998–2006 in Hana to Yume, 23 volumes, 30 million copies, adapted as a 2001 anime and a complete 2019–2021 reboot.
Fruits Basket (フルーツバスケット) (2019 TV series)
Fruits Basket (フルーツバスケット, 2019) is TMS Entertainment's 63-episode anime reboot of Natsuki Takaya's manga, directed by Yoshihide Ibata with author supervision and a new cast, airing in three seasons 2019–2021, unlike the 26-episode 2001 Studio Deen adaptation.
Fruits of the Sea
Fruits of the Sea (Umi no sachi, 海の幸) is a 1904 oil painting by Japanese painter Aoki Shigeru, showing ten nude fishermen carrying three large sharks across a beach.
Fruits Zipper (フルーツジッパー)
Fruits Zipper (フルーツジッパー) is a seven-member Japanese idol group that debuted in April 2022 from ASOBISYSTEM's KAWAII LAB. project under producer Misa Kimura. Known for "Watashi no Ichiban Kawaii Tokoro" (about 2.8 billion TikTok plays), the 2023 Japan Record Award Best New Artist prize, a 2026 Tokyo Dome solo concert, and the "From Harajuku to the world" NEW KAWAII concept.