All articles starting with G

Generalised lymph node enlargement

Generalised lymph node enlargement (generalized lymphadenopathy) is enlarged lymph nodes in two or more noncontiguous body regions, ICD-11 MA01.1, usually signaling systemic infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.

Generalised oedema

Generalised oedema, also called anasarca, is swelling from excess fluid throughout body tissues, ICD-11 code MG29.1 (ICD-10 R60.1). Main causes are heart failure, liver failure, and kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome.

Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone

Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone (Refetoff syndrome, RTHβ/GRTH) is an inherited THRB-mutation disorder with high FT4/FT3 and nonsuppressed TSH, incidence about 1:40,000, often misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism.

Generalised tonic seizure

Generalised tonic seizure (ICD-11 8A68.6), a bilateral seizure with sudden sustained muscle stiffening, median 8 seconds, often during sleep; mandatory for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome diagnosis, distinct from tonic-clonic seizures.

Generalissimo

Generalissimo (generalísimo, generalissimus) is the highest military rank, above field marshal, for supreme commander of a nation's armed forces; Italian superlative etymology, used for Franco, Chiang Kai-shek, and Stalin.

Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead

"Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead" is a catchphrase from the first season of Saturday Night Live, introduced by Chevy Chase in 1975 to mock weeks-long death-watch coverage of the Spanish dictator.

Generalist AI, Inc.

Generalist AI, Inc., incorporated as Artificial General Dexterity, Inc., is a San Francisco startup founded in 2024 by ex-Google DeepMind researchers that builds embodied foundation models giving robots dexterous manipulation skills.

Generalitat de Catalunya

Generalitat de Catalunya: the self-government system of Catalonia, Spain, made up of the Parliament, the Government (Consell Executiu), and the President, currently the 133rd president Salvador Illa since 2024, under the 2006 Statute of Autonomy.

Sep 24, 2026

Generalitet (General Staff and Generality)

Generalitet (Генералитет) was the collective term for holders of the top ranks of the Russian Table of Ranks, the administrative elite of the empire under Peter the Great and his successors.

Sep 29, 2026

Generalizability theory

Generalizability theory is a statistical framework that estimates the reliability of measurements by separating multiple sources of error, introduced by Cronbach, Rajaratnam, and Gleser in 1963.

Generalization

Generalization is extending a finding from the studied sample to a broader population, a component of external validity in research and a key goal in machine learning.

Generalization bound

A generalization bound is a high-probability upper limit on the gap between a learning algorithm's training error and its expected error on new data, typically empirical error plus a complexity term.

Generalization error

Generalization error is the difference between a model's population risk and its empirical risk on its training data, measuring how performance on unseen data departs from measured training performance, with bounds central to statistical learning theory.

Generalizations of Fibonacci numbers

Generalizations of Fibonacci numbers, including the k-bonacci or k-step Fibonacci numbers, are integer sequences that extend the Fibonacci recurrence by summing more preceding terms, giving tribonacci and tetranacci numbers.

Generalized additive model

A generalized additive model (GAM) is a regression model in which each covariate enters through a smooth function estimated from the data, introduced by Hastie and Tibshirani in 1986.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD; ICD-11 6B00) is a mental disorder of excessive, hard-to-control worry lasting at least 6 months. First defined in DSM-III (1980); treated with CBT, applied relaxation, or SSRIs such as sertraline.

Sep 29, 2026

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7)

The GAD-7 is a seven-question public-domain questionnaire that screens for generalized anxiety disorder and grades anxiety symptom severity, described by Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, and Löwe in 2006.

Generalized Approximate Message Passing

Generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) is an iterative Bayesian estimation algorithm introduced by Sundeep Rangan in 2010 that recovers signals through linear transforms, widely used in compressed sensing.

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification) is an autosomal recessive disorder from ENPP1 or ABCC6 variants causing arterial calcification, high infant mortality, and later rickets in survivors.

Oct 20, 2026

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (GBFHS, OMIM 605827) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease with 1-2 mm papules, comedone-like lesions, hypotrichosis, and palmar pits, linked to PTCH mutations and distinguished from Gorlin syndrome.

Generalized Cartan matrix

A generalized Cartan matrix, plural Cartan matrices, is a square integer matrix with diagonal entries 2 and non-positive off-diagonal entries; each one determines a Kac-Moody Lie algebra.

Generalized continuum hypothesis

The generalized continuum hypothesis (GCH) is the set-theoretic statement that each infinite cardinal's power set has the next larger cardinality; Gödel and Cohen proved it independent of ZFC.

Generalized coordinates

Generalized coordinates are independent parameters, written q1, q2, and so on, that specify the configuration of a mechanical system and form the backbone of Lagrangian mechanics, developed by Lagrange.

Oct 22, 2026

Generalized coordination number

The generalized coordination number (GCN) is a geometric descriptor in computational catalysis that weighs each of an atom's neighbors by its own coordination to predict adsorption energies.

Generalized cross-validation

Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is a criterion for choosing a smoothing or regularization parameter in linear models, introduced by Craven and Wahba in 1979 and computable from a single fit without retraining.

Generalized eigenvector

A generalized eigenvector of a matrix A is a nonzero vector v with (A − λI)^p v = 0 for some p; ordinary eigenvectors are the case p = 1.

Generalized entropy

Generalized entropy is the sum of the Bekenstein-Hawking area term and the von Neumann entropy of quantum fields outside a surface. Bekenstein introduced the idea in 1973.

Oct 20, 2026

Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome

Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome (GEPD), a rare autosomal dominant channelopathy from KCNMA1 gain-of-function mutations on chromosome 10q22, combines paroxysmal dyskinesia with generalized absence or tonic-clonic epilepsy beginning in childhood.

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH), or generalized eruptive histiocytoma, is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis first described in 1963, causing symmetric crops of small papules on the trunk and proximal extremities that resolve spontaneously.