All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Generalized essential telangiectasia
Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET), a rare acquired skin disease with widespread telangiectases starting on the lower limbs and spreading upward; benign, non-hereditary, diagnosed by excluding HHT and other causes.
Generalized estimating equation
A generalized estimating equation (GEE) is a statistical method for estimating regression coefficients when observations are correlated, as in repeated measurements, introduced by Liang and Zeger in 1986.
Generalized estimating equations
Generalized estimating equations (GEE) is a statistical method introduced by Liang and Zeger in 1986 for fitting regression models to correlated or longitudinal data, robust to misspecified within-cluster correlation.
Generalized extreme value distribution
The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is a three-parameter family of probability distributions that models the largest value in blocks, such as annual maxima of floods.
Generalized frequency-division multiplexing
Generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM) is a non-orthogonal multi-carrier modulation scheme developed at TU Dresden as a 5G waveform candidate, generalizing OFDM with flexible pulse shaping.
Generalized impedance control
Generalized impedance control (GIC) is a robot control method, proposed by Lee and Lee in 1991, that extends impedance control so a robot can track force as well as motion.
Generalized intersection over union
Generalized intersection over union (GIoU) is a similarity measure and regression loss for shapes, extending IoU so it gives a usable gradient for non-overlapping boxes.
Generalized iterative closest point
Generalized iterative closest point (Generalized-ICP, GICP) is a probabilistic variant of the ICP algorithm for aligning two point clouds, published at Robotics: Science and Systems in 2009.
Generalized Kac–Moody algebra
A generalized Kac–Moody algebra, also called a Borcherds or BKM algebra, is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra introduced by Richard Borcherds in 1988, generalizing Kac–Moody algebras by allowing imaginary simple roots.
Generalized least squares
Generalized least squares (GLS) is a method for estimating linear regression coefficients when errors are correlated or have unequal variance, introduced by A. T. Aitken in 1935.
Generalized likelihood ratio test
The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is a statistical hypothesis test that compares maximized likelihoods under null and alternative models, calibrated by Wilks' chi-square theorem.
Generalized linear mixed model
A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is a regression model that extends the generalized linear model with random effects, widely used in biostatistics, ecology, and agronomy.
Generalized linear model
A generalized linear model (GLM) is a regression framework linking exponential-family responses to predictors through a link function, formulated by Nelder and Wedderburn in 1972.
Generalized lymphatic anomaly
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA), formerly diffuse systemic lymphangiomatosis, is a rare non-inherited disorder of multifocal dilated lymphatic vessels in multiple organs, distinguished from Gorham-Stout disease by stable medullary bone lesions and treated with sirolimus.
Generalized mean
The generalized mean, also called the power mean or Hölder mean, is a family of averaging functions parameterized by an exponent, including the arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic means.
Generalized method of moments
The generalized method of moments (GMM) is a statistical estimation method that estimates model parameters from moment conditions without a full likelihood, introduced by Lars Peter Hansen in 1982.
Generalized minimal residual method
The generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) is an iterative Krylov subspace method for solving large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems, proposed by Saad and Schultz in 1986.
Generalized MPLS
Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) is an extension of the MPLS architecture that extends its control plane to switching technologies that do not forward data by packet header, such as SONET/SDH, wavelengths, and fibers.
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) is an IETF extension of the MPLS control plane, defined in RFC 3945, that adds switching of time slots, wavelengths, and fibers.
Generalized nodal osteoarthritis
Generalized nodal osteoarthritis, also known as primary generalized osteoarthritis, is a form of osteoarthritis affecting the finger joints of both hands, producing Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes, mostly in women around menopause.
Generalized Pareto distribution
The generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) is a two-parameter probability distribution describing the sizes of exceedances above a high threshold, the standard tool of peaks-over-threshold analysis in extreme value theory.
Generalized parton distributions
Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are functions describing the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, introduced in the 1990s and extracted mainly through deeply virtual Compton scattering.
Generalized peeling skin syndrome
Generalized peeling skin syndrome (generalized deciduous skin, ORPHA263543) is a rare autosomal recessive ichthyosis with painless body-wide skin peeling, subtypes A (CHST8, SERPINB8, FLG2) and B (CDSN, with atopy).
Generalized pustular psoriasis
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), also called von Zumbusch psoriasis, is a rare life-threatening neutrophilic skin disease with widespread sterile pustules and systemic symptoms, driven by IL-36 signaling and treated with spesolimab.
Generalized quadrangle
A generalized quadrangle is a point-line incidence structure containing no triangles but many ordinary quadrangles, introduced by Jacques Tits in 1959 to describe rank 2 groups of Lie type.
Generalized regression neural network
A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is a radial-basis neural network for regression and function approximation, introduced by D.F. Specht in 1991, with one-pass training and only a bandwidth to tune.
Generalized relative entropy
Generalized relative entropy is any function of two quantum states extending the classical relative entropy, a family including Petz's quantum f-divergences, Rényi relative entropies, and min- and max-relative entropies.
Generalized renewal process
The generalized renewal process (GRP), or g-renewal process, is a stochastic model for repairable systems where repairs restore an intermediate state via a virtual age function.
Generalized Riemann hypothesis
The generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH) is an unproved conjecture stating that all nontrivial zeros of every Dirichlet L-function lie on the critical line where the real part is 1/2.
Generalized selection combining
Generalized selection combining (GSC), or hybrid selection/maximum ratio combining, is a diversity technique in which wireless receivers combine the strongest subset of available signal branches, balancing performance and complexity.