All articles starting with G

Germanium nanowire hole spin qubits

Germanium nanowire hole spin qubits are quantum bits using a single hole's spin in a germanium–silicon core–shell nanowire, first demonstrated in 2011 by Hu, Kuemmeth, Lieber, and Marcus.

Germanium quantum dot

A germanium quantum dot is a nanoscale electrostatic trap in a strained Ge/SiGe heterostructure that confines holes, whose spins serve as qubits, reaching a four-qubit processor in 2021.

Germanium quantum dots

Germanium quantum dots are nanoscale regions of germanium that confine charge carriers in all three dimensions, used in photodetectors and as hosts for hole spin qubits in quantum computing.

Germanium spin qubits

Germanium spin qubits are quantum bits that store information in a hole's spin in gate-defined germanium quantum dots, allowing fast, all-electrical qubit control without micromagnets.

Germanium telluride (GeTe) is a compound of germanium and tellurium that is a narrow-gap semiconductor, a ferroelectric metal, and one of the highest-performing thermoelectric materials for mid-temperature use.

Oct 15, 2026

Germanium-on-insulator

Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) is an engineered substrate combining a thin single-crystal germanium layer on a buried insulator atop a silicon wafer, valued for high carrier mobility.

Oct 15, 2026

Germanium-on-silicon

Germanium-on-silicon is the epitaxial growth of single-crystal germanium films directly on silicon substrates; because germanium absorbs near-infrared light that silicon cannot, it is the standard detector material of silicon photonics, first proposed in 1984.

Germanium-on-silicon photodetector

A germanium-on-silicon photodetector is a light detector in which germanium grown epitaxially on silicon absorbs near-infrared light, making it the standard detector of silicon photonics.

Germanium-tin

Germanium-tin (GeSn) is a Group IV semiconductor alloy of tin in germanium that becomes direct-bandgap above roughly 8% tin, the leading candidate for a laser on silicon.

Germanium-tin laser

A germanium-tin (GeSn) laser is a semiconductor laser whose gain medium is a germanium-tin alloy grown directly on silicon, first demonstrated in 2015 and not yet operating at room temperature.

Germanium–tin photonics

Germanium–tin (GeSn) photonics uses germanium–tin alloys, which become direct-bandgap when tin exceeds about 6%, as gain, detection, and waveguide materials for CMOS-compatible silicon photonic circuits, pursued for mid-infrared lasers and photodetectors.

Germanium/SiGe quantum wells

A germanium/silicon-germanium (Ge/SiGe) quantum well is an ultrathin germanium or strained silicon layer between SiGe barriers, hosting optical devices and hole spin qubits for quantum computing.

Germano

Germano is a masculine given name of Latin origin carried principally in Italian and Portuguese, also used as a surname, borne by the novelist Germano Almeida.

Germano Almeida

Germano Almeida, born 1945 on Boavista, is a Cape Verdean writer and lawyer known for the novel O Testamento do Sr. Napumoceno da Silva Araújo.

Germanone

Germanone is an organogermanium compound of formula R₂Ge=O, the germanium analog of a ketone; the first stable one, (Eind)₂Ge=O, was isolated in 2012 and traps CO₂ spontaneously.

Germanos I

Germanos I (Γερμανός Α΄), Patriarch of Constantinople from 715 to 730, resigned rather than accept Emperor Leo III's prohibition of images and is venerated as a saint.

Germanos II

Germanos II (Γερμανός Βʹ; c. 1175 – 1240) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leading the Orthodox church-in-exile at Nicaea from 1222 or 1223 to 1240.

Germanos III

Germanos III (Γερμανός Γ΄) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1265 to 1266, a former metropolitan of Adrianople elevated by Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos after the deposition of Arsenios.

Germanos IV

Germanos IV (Γερμανός Δʹ) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople twice, from 1842 to 1845 and again from 1852 until his death in 1853, and founded the Theological School of Halki.

Germanos of Patras

Germanos of Patras (Γερμανός Πατρών), born Georgios Gozias, was Metropolitan of Old Patras credited with proclaiming the Greek War of Independence at Agia Lavra in 1821.

Germanos V

Germanos V (Γερμανός Ε΄), born Georgios Kavakopoulos, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1913 to 1918, the last patriarch of the Ottoman era, who protested the persecution of Ottoman Greeks.

Germanosilicate

A germanosilicate is a zeolite or zeolite-like framework in which germanium substitutes for silicon in tetrahedral positions, enabling large-pore topologies and Pt–Ge catalysts; the term also covers SiO₂–GeO₂ optical-fiber glasses.

Germans

Germans, the people of Germany, defined by citizenship and a debated civic-ethnic identity; from theodisk ethnonym, 1871 unification, 1913 ethnic citizenship law to 2024-2025 reform with 332,500 naturalizations and 29.7% migrant background.

Germantown, Maryland

Germantown, Maryland: unincorporated Montgomery County CDP, third most populous place in Maryland (91,249 in 2020). Founded by German settlers in the 1830s; shifted to the B&O Metropolitan Branch in 1873; planned six-village corridor city on I-270.

Germanus of Auxerre

Germanus of Auxerre (c. 378–448) was a Gallo-Roman aristocrat, provincial governor, and bishop of Auxerre who led missions to Britain against Pelagianism, dying at Ravenna in 448.

Germanus of Paris

Germanus of Paris, also known as Germain, was a Burgundian-born abbot who became bishop of Paris in the mid-550s; his tomb gave its name to the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés.

Oct 15, 2026

Germanwatch

Germanwatch is a German non-governmental organization, founded in 1991 and based in Bonn and Berlin, that advocates on climate policy, food security, and global equity.

Germanwings

Germanwings GmbH was a German low-cost airline wholly owned by Lufthansa and based at Cologne/Bonn Airport, flying across Europe from 2002 until its operations were discontinued in 2020.

Germanwings Flight 9525

Germanwings Flight 9525 was a scheduled Barcelona-to-Düsseldorf flight, an Airbus A320 that crashed in the French Alps on 24 March 2015, killing all 150 aboard.