All articles starting with G
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Glycoside
Glycoside: a molecule with a sugar (glycone) bonded via its anomeric carbon to an aglycone through a glycosidic bond; O-, S-, Se-, N-, and C-linked types, glycosyltransferase biosynthesis, and medicinal examples like digitoxin and vancomycin.
Glycoside hydrolase family 10
Glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10, formerly cellulase family F): CAZy enzyme family of retaining TIM-barrel endo-1,4-beta-xylanases with broad, decoration-tolerant substrate specificity, used in biomass bioconversion, distinct from the beta-jellyroll GH11 family.
Glycoside hydrolase family 36
Glycoside hydrolase family 36 (GH36), clan GH-D: retaining α-galactosidases and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases with two catalytic aspartates, TIM-barrel fold, found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.
Glycoside hydrolase, family 19
Glycoside hydrolase family 19 (GH19): bifunctional enzyme family of inverting chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and endolysins with a lysozyme-like fold and two catalytic glutamates; found mainly in plants, also bacteria and viruses; used for antifungal biocontrol.
Glycoside hydrolase, family 77
Glycoside hydrolase family 77 (GH77), amylomaltase or 4-α-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25), D-enzyme in plants: a monospecific CAZy clan GH-H family of retaining transglycosylases that rearrange α-1,4-glucans and make large cyclic glucans.
Glycosidic bond
A glycosidic bond, also called a glycosidic linkage, is the covalent link that joins sugar units into disaccharides and polysaccharides, formed at the anomeric carbon.
Glycosphingolipid metabolism
Glycosphingolipid metabolism, Reactome pathway R-HSA-1660662, covers synthesis and degradation of glycosphingolipids, sphingolipids with sugars attached, including gangliosides, in ER, Golgi, and lysosomes; enzyme defects cause sphingolipidoses such as Gaucher's disease.
Glycosuria
Glycosuria (glucosuria) is glucose in the urine, from hyperglycemia or impaired renal tubular reabsorption. Renal threshold ~130 mg/dl in diabetics; hereditary SLC5A2/SGLT2 form is benign; SGLT2 inhibitors induce it therapeutically.
Glycosyl hydrolase family 13, catalytic domain
Glycosyl hydrolase family 13 catalytic domain (GH13, alpha-amylase family): a retaining (beta/alpha)8-barrel TIM barrel with a beta4-Asp, beta5-Glu, beta7-Asp catalytic triad, 4-7 conserved sequence regions, clan GH-H with GH70 and GH77.
Glycosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporenoate acyltransferase
Glycosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporenoate acyltransferase, also called CrtO (EC 2.3.1.B26), is the Staphylococcus aureus enzyme catalyzing the final acylation step of staphyloxanthin biosynthesis, esterifying glucose at C6'' with 12-methyltetradecanoic acid.
Glycosylation
Glycosylation is the enzymatic attachment of sugar chains to proteins and lipids, the most common modification of human proteins, affecting folding, immune recognition, and drug safety.
Glycosyltransferase Maf, N-terminal
Glycosyltransferase Maf, N-terminal (Maf_flag10_N, CDD cl46809) is the bacterial N-terminal Rossmann-like domain of Maf flagellin glycosyltransferases, distinct from Maf transcription factors; function unclear, weak methyltransferase similarity.
Glycosyltransferase, ALG3
ALG3 (asparagine-linked glycosylation 3) encodes an ER alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase, the first Dol-P-Man-dependent step extending lipid-linked Man5GlcNAc2 to Man6 in N-glycan synthesis; mutations cause ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id, OMIM 601110).
Glycyrrhetinic Acid
Glycyrrhetinic acid, also known as enoxolone or glycyrrhetic acid, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from licorice root that causes licorice's anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective effects and serves as a scaffold for drug derivatives.
Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza (licorice) is a Fabaceae genus of perennial herbs, mainly G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, whose sweet roots contain glycyrrhizin, a 11β-HSD2 inhibitor causing pseudohyperaldosteronism at high intakes.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice, licorice, sweet root, gan cao) is a Fabaceae perennial herb native from the central Mediterranean to Mongolia and Pakistan, cultivated for rhizomes containing glycyrrhizin, 50 times sweeter than sugar, used in confectionery, medicine, and tobacco, with hypertension risk from excess intake.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (gan cao, Chinese licorice) is a perennial Fabaceae herb native from eastern European Russia to Siberia and Pakistan, whose dried root and rhizome are a core traditional Chinese medicine containing glycyrrhizin.
Glycyrrhizin
Glycyrrhizin, also called glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid, is a triterpenoid saponin glycoside from licorice root that is about 50 times sweeter than sugar and drives licorice's pharmacological effects.
Glyfa
Glyfa (Γλύφα, also Glyfada) is a coastal Central Greek village whose Palaeokastron hill carries a late 4th-early 3rd century BC fortification, the acropolis of an unidentified city of ancient Western Locris, with two precincts and eight towers.
Glyfada (Γλυφάδα)
Glyfada (Γλυφάδα) is a seaside municipality of the Athenian Riviera on the Saronic Gulf, south of Athens, on the site of the ancient deme of Aixone; renamed in the early 20th century for brackish wells, with four marinas and free beaches.
Glykeria
Glykeria (Γλυκερία; born Glykeria Kotsoula, 1953) is a Greek singer who has defined laiko and rebetiko song since the 1980s, with a second career in Israel.
Glymphatic system
Glymphatic system: brain-wide perivascular CSF-ISF exchange network, described by Iliff et al. 2012, that clears amyloid-β and tau; sleep-enhanced, AQP4-dependent, measured by DTI-ALPS, and contested by diffusion and IPAD models.
Glyn Johns
Glyn Johns (born 1942, Epsom, England) is an English recording engineer and producer for the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Beatles, Led Zeppelin, and the Eagles, namesake of the three-mic Glyn Johns drum recording method, and a 2012 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inductee.
Glyn Lewis
Glyn Hywel Lewis, born in 1956, is a psychiatric epidemiologist and professor at University College London known for the ANTLER trial of stopping long-term antidepressants and a 2007 Lancet review of cannabis and psychosis.
Glynis Barber
Glynis Barber (born Glynis van der Riet) is a South African actress, born in Durban in 1955, known for Dempsey and Makepeace and as Soolin in Blake's 7.
Glynis Johns
Glynis Johns (1923-2024), South African-born British actress, played Winifred Banks in Mary Poppins, the mermaid in Miranda, and won a 1973 Tony for A Little Night Music, introducing Sondheim's Send in the Clowns.
Glynn Edwards
Glynn Edwards (1931–2018), British character actor born in Penang, Malaya, best known as Dave the barman of the Winchester Club in ITV's Minder (1979–1994); trained at Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop and appeared in Zulu and Get Carter.
Glynn Partners
Glynn Partners is a series of Delaware venture capital limited partnerships managed by Glynn Capital Management, a family-founded technology investor headquartered in Menlo Park, California.
Glynn Saulters
Glynn Saulters (born 1945, Minden, Louisiana), American basketball guard; 1968 Olympic gold medalist with Team USA, record 2,134-point scorer at Northeast Louisiana (ULM), one ABA season with the New Orleans Buccaneers.
Glynn Simmons
Glynn Ray Simmons, Oklahoma man wrongfully convicted in 1975 of the 1974 murder of Carolyn Sue Rogers, sentenced to death, freed in 2023 after 48 years, the longest US imprisonment before exoneration, declared innocent and awarded $7.15 million.