All articles starting with G
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Grain-shipping relief of Jin by Qin (Fanzhou zhi yi)
The Grain-shipping relief of Jin by Qin (泛舟之役) was a 647 BC operation in which Qin sent grain by river to relieve a famine in Jin.
Grainger (Mercurian crater)
Grainger crater, an IAU-approved 113-km impact crater on Mercury at 44.09S, 255.19W, approved April 24, 2012, named for Australian-born composer Percy Grainger under the planet's artist-naming convention.
Grainstone
A grainstone is a mud-free, grain-supported carbonate rock from Robert J. Dunham's 1962 classification, forming in agitated shallow water with high initial porosity and serving as a prolific petroleum reservoir rock.
Grakan Tert
Grakan Tert (Գրական թերթ, "Literary Newspaper") is an Armenian weekly literary newspaper, the official organ of the Writers' Union of Armenia, published in Yerevan since 1932.
Grallaria
Grallaria (Vieillot, 1816) is the largest genus of antpittas, family Grallariidae: terrestrial Andean understorey insectivores, center of diversity Colombia to Peru, with the G. rufula complex split into 16 species.
Gram
The gram (symbol g) is an SI unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram; the kilogram, not the gram, is the SI base unit.
Gram (mythology)
Gram (Old Norse Gramr, "Wrath") is the Norse sword of Sigmundr and Sigurd: given by Odin via Barnstokkr, broken on Odin's spear, reforged by Reginn, used to slay Fáfnir; Balmung in the Nibelungenlied, Nothung in Wagner.
Gram Chikitsalay (ग्राम चिकित्सालय)
Gram Chikitsalay (ग्राम चिकित्सालय) is a TVF-produced Hindi comedy-drama on Prime Video about Dr. Prabhat reviving a neglected rural health centre in Bhatkandi, Jharkhand, opposite quack Chetak Kumar; two five-episode seasons released May 2025 and June 2026.
Gram matrix
The Gram matrix is a square matrix whose entries are the pairwise inner products of a set of vectors, encoding lengths, angles, and linear dependence; it is always positive semidefinite.
Gram Montes
Gram Montes is a 260-km mountain range on Titan near 10S, 208W, IAU-approved December 5, 2011, one of six montes named then for Middle-earth mountains from Tolkien's novels, fifth longest of Titan's 16 named montes.
Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 (ग्राम न्यायालय अधिनियम) is an Indian law under which mobile village-level courts called Gram Nyayalayas are established, in force from 2 October 2009.
Gram panchayat
Gram panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत), the village-level council of India's Panchayati Raj rural local government, headed by a Sarpanch; constitutionalized by the 73rd Amendment (1992, in force 1993), with Gram Sabha, 29 Eleventh Schedule subjects, women's reservation, and eGramSwaraj digital planning.
Gram Parsons
Gram Parsons, born Ingram Cecil Connor III, was an American singer and songwriter credited with pioneering country rock before his death in 1973 at age 26.
Gram stain
Gram stain: differential bacteriological stain devised by Hans Christian Joachim Gram in Berlin, 1884. Crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, and safranin classify bacteria as Gram-positive (purple) or Gram-negative (pink) by cell wall thickness.
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan wall and an LPS-containing outer membrane, so they stain pink in the Gram stain and resist many antibiotics via porins, efflux pumps, and LPS modifications.
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that retain crystal violet in the Gram stain and appear purple, defined by a thick 30-100 nm peptidoglycan wall, teichoic acids, and no outer membrane; examples include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, with MRSA and VRE as key resistant threats.
Gram–Schmidt process
The Gram–Schmidt process, also called Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization, is an algorithm that turns a linearly independent set of vectors into an orthonormal one spanning the same subspace.
Gramado
Gramado is a Serra Gaúcha municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, also called a gramadense tourist city. Known for Natal Luz, the Gramado Film Festival, Bavarian-style architecture, and over 8 million annual visitors; emancipated from Taquara in 1954.
Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos
Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos is a Spanish grammar by Andrés Bello, published in Santiago de Chile in 1847.
Grambling State University
Grambling State University, a public HBCU in Grambling, Louisiana, founded in 1901 as the Colored Industrial and Agricultural School; known for Eddie Robinson's 324-win football record and its $150 million Moody Foundation gift.
Grameen Bank (গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক)
Grameen Bank (গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক) is a Bangladeshi bank that extends credit to the rural landless through group lending; founded by Muhammad Yunus, it won the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize.
Grameenphone (গ্রামীণফোন)
Grameenphone (গ্রামীণফোন) is Bangladesh's largest mobile network operator, a joint venture of Norway's Telenor and Grameen Telecom that launched in 1997 and serves over 80 million subscribers.
Gramercy Capital Solutions
Gramercy Capital Solutions is a series of private equity funds managed by Gramercy Funds Management of Greenwich, Connecticut, founded by Robert Koenigsberger in 1998, lending to emerging-markets companies.
Gramercy Park
Gramercy Park is a two-acre private park in Manhattan, founded by Samuel B. Ruggles and conveyed to trustees on December 17, 1831, accessible by key to residents of surrounding buildings and governed by the Trustees of Gramercy Park.
Gramicidin
Gramicidin, a membrane-channel peptide antibiotic from Bacillus brevis discovered by René Dubos in 1939, was the first clinically tested antibiotic; topical use only due to hemolytic toxicity. Distinct from Soviet gramicidin S.
Gramicidin A
Gramicidin A is a 15-residue linear peptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis that kills Gram-positive bacteria by forming ion channels in membranes, and is used only topically.
Gramicidin S
Gramicidin S is a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis, isolated in Moscow in 1942 and used topically for skin and throat infections because hemolytic toxicity rules out systemic use.
Graminicola
Graminicola is a genus of grassbirds in the babbler family Pellorneidae, erected by Jerdon in 1863 with the Indian Grassbird as type; it holds two species, G. bengalensis and G. striatus, the Chinese Grassbird.
Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999), P.L. 106-102; repealed Glass-Steagall Sections 20 and 32, created financial holding companies, and added Title V privacy and Safeguards Rule requirements.
Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act
The Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act, formally the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, set declining US deficit targets enforced by automatic sequestration until replaced in 1990.