All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Grammar
Grammar: the system and structure of a language, chiefly syntax and morphology, sometimes phonology and semantics. Covers descriptive versus prescriptive grammar, ancient Greek, Sanskrit, and Arabic traditions, and modern schools from structural to generative and functional.
Grammar checker
A grammar checker is a program that detects and suggests corrections for grammatical, spelling, and word choice errors, embedded in word processors and used widely in education.
Grammar induction
Grammar induction, also called grammatical inference or grammar inference, is the process of learning a formal grammar from example data such as sentences instead of hand-written rules.
Grammar Nazi
Grammar Nazi is informal slang for a person who habitually and often pedantically corrects others' grammar, spelling, and usage. Recorded on Usenet by 1990-1991, popularized alongside Seinfeld's Soup Nazi, with equivalents like Grammatiknazi and Sprachpolizei.
Grammar of the Slavic Language
Grammar of the Slavic Language is a grammar of Slovene written by Jernej Kopitar and published in Laibach (Ljubljana) in 1808, the first scientific grammar of Slovene.
Grammar school
Grammar schools in England: state-funded secondary schools selecting pupils by academic ability, usually via the 11-plus. 163 schools, roughly 5% of pupils; rooted in medieval Latin schools and the 1944 tripartite system.
Grammar schools in Australia
Grammar schools in Australia are secondary schools carrying the British "grammar" title, legally defined only in Queensland, whose 2016 act names exactly eight such schools.
Grammar-constrained decoding
Grammar-constrained decoding is an inference-time technique for language models that masks invalid tokens at each step, so output matches a grammar, regular expression, or JSON Schema by construction.
Grammar–translation method
Grammar–translation method, also called the classical method or Prussian Method, is a foreign language teaching approach built on explicit grammar rules, bilingual vocabulary, and translation exercises, focused on reading and writing rather than speaking, dominant in Europe from the 1840s to the 1940s and still used in exam-oriented classrooms.
Grammarly
Grammarly is a commercial English writing assistant that checks grammar, spelling, punctuation, tone, and plagiarism, founded in 2009 by Max Lytvyn, Alex Shevchenko, and Dmytro Lider.
Grammatical aspect
Grammatical aspect, or viewpoint aspect, is the verbal grammatical category expressing how a situation unfolds in time (perfective, imperfective, perfect), distinct from tense and from lexical aspect (Aktionsart), with two-component analyses by Smith and cross-linguistic variation from Slavic pairs to languages with no aspect marking.
Grammatical case
Grammatical case marks dependent nouns for their relationship to a head, via affixes or clitics. Systems range from none (100 of 261 WALS languages) to Hungarian's 21 cases; alignment is mostly accusative, with differential marking by animacy and definiteness.
Grammatical conjugation
Grammatical conjugation is the inflection of verbs for person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and voice, also naming a verb's full paradigm or a class of like-conjugating verbs, as in Latin's four and Spanish's three conjugations.
Grammatical error correction
Grammatical error correction (GEC) is the task of automatically detecting and correcting grammatical, orthographic, and semantic errors in text, progressing from rule-based methods to neural machine translation.
Grammatical evolution
Grammatical evolution is an evolutionary algorithm introduced in 1998 by Ryan, Collins, and O'Neill at the University of Limerick, which evolves programs in arbitrary languages using BNF grammars.
Grammatical gender
Grammatical gender, also called noun class in non-sex-based systems, is a noun classification defined by agreement: articles, adjectives, pronouns, or verbs change form with the noun's class. Found in roughly 40-50% of languages, from Spanish and German to Swahili, with contested effects on cognition and women's labor force participation.
Grammatical modifier
Grammatical modifier: a word, phrase, or clause (adjective, adverb, prepositional phrase, relative clause) that adds optional descriptive information to a head, contrasted with complements, studied in attachment ambiguity and historical change.
Grammatical mood
Grammatical mood: verb category marking speaker attitude, distinct from modality. English has indicative, subjunctive, imperative; WALS finds inflectional optatives in 48 of 319 languages; Latin-to-Romance mood shifted toward subordinate clauses.
Grammatical number
Grammatical number, also called number agreement or the singular/plural category (with dual, trial, paucal), marks count distinctions on nouns, pronouns, and agreeing verbs; languages code it by suffix, prefix, plural word, clitic, stem change, tone, or reduplication, and low numerals 1-5 are historically stable.
Grammatical person
Grammatical person is the deictic grammatical category of first, second, and third person (speaker, addressee, other), realized in pronouns and agreement markers, with clusivity and fourth-person systems in some languages.
Grammatical tense
Grammatical tense is the grammatical category locating events in time relative to a reference point, usually speech time. Distinguished from aspect and mood (TAM), with absolute and relative tenses, cross-linguistic variation, and nominal tense in languages like Tariana.
Grammis
Grammis is Sweden's oldest and broadest music award, held since 1969 and arranged by Ifpi Sverige; jury-voted in 22 categories, with a 1973-1987 pause and 2026 winners Zara Larsson and Viagra Boys.
Grammitidoideae
Grammitidoideae, formerly treated as the family Grammitidaceae, is a subfamily of Polypodiaceae of small mostly epiphytic ferns of tropical montane forests, with about 911 species in 33 genera.
Grammitis
Grammitis Sw. (1801) is a fern genus in Polypodiaceae, type species G. marginella; strict-sense Grammitis has black leaf margins and occurs in the Americas, Africa, and Western Indian Ocean islands, while broad-sense treatments list hundreds of species now split into new genera.
Grammoceras
Grammoceras is an extinct Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonite genus in Hildoceratidae, subfamily Grammoceratinae, established by Hyatt in 1867; its species G. thouarsense names a standard upper Toarcian ammonite zone.
Grammy Award for Album of the Year
The Grammy Award for Album of the Year, a Recording Academy General Field category, honors a full album and its credited artists, songwriters, producers, and engineers, distinct from the single-track Record of the Year.
Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album
Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album: Recording Academy honor in the Rock, Metal & Alternative Music Field for alternative albums; The Cure's Songs Of A Lost World won in 2026, with St. Vincent and Vampire Weekend among repeat winners.
Grammy Award for Best Americana Album
The Grammy Award for Best Americana Album is an annual Recording Academy honor for Americana albums, first awarded in 2010 to Levon Helm for Electric Dirt.
Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals
Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals (also styled Instruments and Vocals), category 87: a Recording Academy arranger's award for arrangements mixing instruments and voices, renamed in 2014; 2026 winner "Big Fish" by Nate Smith Featuring säje.
Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella
The Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella honors arrangers of instrumental or vocal a cappella recordings. Renamed from Best Instrumental Arrangement in June 2014; 2026 winner: The 8-Bit Big Band, "Super Mario Praise Break".