All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Gripe water
Gripe water, an herbal liquid supplement for infant colic and gas, originated with William Woodward's 1851 Nottingham formula; no randomized trial evidence supports it, and US products are sold as unregulated supplements with several recalls.
Gripper TBM
A gripper TBM is an open hard-rock tunnel boring machine that advances by bracing gripper pads against the tunnel walls, so the rock carries its thrust.
Griqua
The Griqua are a people of southern Africa of mixed Khoikhoi, European, and freed slave descent who emerged on the Cape frontier in the eighteenth century.
Griqua Trek
The Griqua Trek was the migration of most of the Griqua people, led by Adam Kok III, from Philippolis across the Drakensberg to Griqualand East between 1861 and 1864.
Griqualand East
Griqualand East (Afrikaans: Griekwaland-Oos) was a territory in southern Africa, south of Natal, settled by the Griqua under Adam Kok III in 1862 and annexed to the Cape Colony in 1879.
Griqualand West
Griqualand West, a British territory proclaimed 27 October 1871 around the Kimberley diamond fields, named for the Griqua people under Nicolaas Waterboer; separate Crown Colony from 1873, annexed to the Cape Colony in 1880.
Griquatown
Griquatown, in Afrikaans Griekwastad, is a small sheep-farming town in the Northern Cape, South Africa, once the seat of the Griqua state known as Waterboer's Land.
Gris
Gris (GRIS) is a 2018 2D puzzle platformer by Barcelona's Nomada Studio, published by Devolver Digital, about a young woman overcoming grief through color; hand-drawn watercolor art by Conrad Roset, music by Berlinist, over a million copies sold.
Gris-gris (talisman)
A gris-gris is a protective charm: in West Africa a packet holding a written Quranic verse, in Louisiana a bag of herbs, stones, and petitions.
Grisaille
Grisaille, from French gris (grey), is monochrome painting in shades of grey or limited neutral tones, used as underpainting beneath glazes, as finished sculpture-imitating works, and in stained glass, from the 12th century to Picasso and Richter.
Griscelli syndrome
Griscelli syndrome, also called partial albinism-immunodeficiency syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with silvery-gray hair and skin hypopigmentation. Three types: MYO5A (neurologic), RAB27A (immunodeficiency with HLH), MLPH (isolated).
Grise Fiord
Grise Fiord (Ausuittuq, "place that never thaws") is Canada's northernmost community, a hamlet of about 150 on southern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, founded by the 1953–55 High Arctic relocation of Inuit families from Inukjuak and Pond Inlet, for which Canada apologized in 2010.
Grisel syndrome
Grisel syndrome, or nontraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, is a rare pediatric condition causing painful torticollis after head and neck infections or ENT procedures such as adenoidectomy; treated conservatively in most cases.
Griselda
Griselda (2024) is a six-episode Netflix limited crime drama starring Sofía Vergara as cocaine trafficker Griselda Blanco, created by the Narcos team (Eric Newman, Andrés Baiz), with Emmy and Golden Globe nominations and a lawsuit from Blanco's son.
Griselda Blanco
Griselda Blanco Restrepo (1943–2012), the "Godmother of Cocaine" and "Black Widow" (La Madrina), was a Colombian drug trafficker who pioneered cocaine pipelines to New York and Miami in the 1970s–80s, was indicted in Operation Banshee in 1975, imprisoned in 1985, deported in 2004, and shot dead in Medellín in 2012.
Griselda Pollock
Griselda Pollock, born 1949 in South Africa, is a British-Canadian feminist art historian and Leeds professor emerita, the first art historian to win the 2020 Holberg Prize.
Griselda Records
Griselda Records, also written GxFR, is an American independent hip-hop label founded in 2012 by Westside Gunn. It is known for its gritty, sample-heavy boom-bap sound in Buffalo, New York.
Griseofulvin
Griseofulvin, a fungistatic antibiotic from Penicillium griseofulvum (discovered 1939, launched 1959), treats dermatophyte infections by binding microtubular proteins; first oral antifungal, WHO essential drug.
Grishneshwar Temple
Grishneshwar Temple, also written Ghrishneshwar, is a Hindu temple of Shiva at Verul in Maharashtra, India, the twelfth and last of the twelve Jyotirlingas, about a kilometer from the Ellora Caves.
Grisons
Grisons (Graubünden, Grigioni) is Switzerland's largest, most sparsely populated canton, its only trilingual canton (German, Romansh, Italian), formed from the 1524 Free State of the Three Leagues and a Swiss canton since 1803.
Gristmill
A gristmill, also called a flour mill or grain mill, grinds grain into flour or meal, often for customers who pay the miller with a share of the grain.
Griswold v. Connecticut
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), a 7-2 Supreme Court decision finding a constitutional right to privacy in Bill of Rights penumbras, striking Connecticut's 1879 ban on contraceptive use for married couples.
Grit (personality trait)
Grit is a personality trait defined by Duckworth et al. (2007) as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, measured by the Grit-O and Grit-S scales; meta-analysis shows it overlaps heavily with conscientiousness.
Grit Biotechnology (沙砾生物)
Grit Biotechnology (沙砾生物), branded GRIT Bio, is a Chinese clinical-stage cell-therapy company founded by Liu Yarong in 2019, developing tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies for solid tumors.
Grit Breuer
Grit Breuer (Breuer-Springstein), German 400 m sprinter born 1972 in Röbel/Müritz; two Olympic relay bronzes (1988 GDR, 1996), 1997 world 4x400 champion, 49.42 world U20 record, 1992 clenbuterol ban, retired 2005.
Grit Real Estate Income Group
Grit Real Estate Income Group is a London Stock Exchange-listed investor in income-focused African commercial real estate outside South Africa, holding 33 assets across 11 territories valued at about US$989 million in 2025.
Grit Scale
The Grit Scale is a self-report questionnaire measuring grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, first reported by Angela Duckworth and colleagues in 2007.
Grito de Asencio
The Grito de Asencio was an armed uprising of 28 February 1811 in the Banda Oriental, when patriots led by Pedro José Viera and Venancio Benavídez rose against Spanish rule.
Grito de Dolores
The Grito de Dolores was the call to arms by which the priest Miguel Hidalgo began Mexico's war of independence in Dolores on 16 September 1810.
Grito de Lares
The Grito de Lares, or Cry of Lares, was a rebellion against Spanish rule in Lares, Puerto Rico, on September 23, 1868, proclaiming the Republic of Puerto Rico; it was planned by Ramón Emeterio Betances.