All articles starting with G
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Grob's Attack
Grob's Attack (Grob Opening, Spike Opening), 1.g4, ECO A00, is a dubious chess opening named after Swiss IM Henri Grob; engines rate Black a full pawn better, yet it wins blitz games through surprise.
Gröbner basis
A Gröbner basis (Groebner bases) is a generating set for an ideal in a polynomial ring, introduced by Bruno Buchberger in 1965 and named after his advisor Wolfgang Gröbner.
Grocery store
A grocery store, also known as a grocery shop, is a retail shop selling a broad range of foods, including fresh produce, canned and frozen items, and meats.
Grod court
The grod court (Polish sąd grodzki, also starosta court) was an estate criminal court in Poland and Lithuania presided over by the king's deputy, the starosta.
Grodek
"Grodek" is a war poem by the Austrian poet Georg Trakl, written in September 1914 after the battle of Grodek in Galicia and regarded as his last poem.
Gródek nad Bugiem
Gródek nad Bugiem (Gródek Nadbużny), a village in Hrubieszów County, Poland, at the Huczwa-Bug confluence; its early medieval stronghold is identified with Volhyn' of the Primary Chronicle, and its site 29 burials supplied ancient DNA for a 2025 Nature study on Slavic migration.
Grodnenskaya
Grodnenskaya (Гродненская) denotes Grodno region in western Belarus and the former Grodno Guberniya of the Russian Empire; 17 districts, about 840,000 people, capital Grodno, strong agriculture, and chemicals.
Grodno (Гродна)
Grodno (Hrodna, Гродна) is a city in western Belarus, administrative center of Grodno Region on the Neman River. First mentioned 1128; former residence of Lithuanian grand dukes; third-largest Belarusian city with about 356,000 residents (2014).
Grodno City Amusement Park
Гродзенскі парк забаў (Grodno City Amusement Park, Park Zhiliber) is a year-round amusement park in Grodno, Belarus: 15 rides on 5,000 m², up to a million visitors yearly, rides 3.5–7.5 rubles, with a pneumatic drop tower planned for the city's 2028 900th anniversary.
Grodno Sejm
The Grodno Sejm (Polish: sejm grodzieński) was the last parliament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, held in Grodno in 1793 under Russian control to ratify the Second Partition.
GroEL
GroEL is the essential E. coli Hsp60 chaperonin, a double-ring ATP-driven folding machine working with GroES to fold about 10% of new proteins; also reported to act as an RNase and antibiotic target.
GroES chaperonin family
GroES chaperonin family (Cpn10/Hsp10, InterPro IPR020818): heptameric ~10 kDa co-chaperonin lids that cap GroEL's folding cage, switching its cavity from hydrophobic to hydrophilic during ATP-driven protein folding.
Grog
Grog is rum diluted with water, created in 1740 when Admiral Edward Vernon ordered the Royal Navy's rum ration cut with water; named for his grogram cloak, it ended with Black Tot Day in 1970.
Grogu
Grogu, nicknamed Baby Yoda, is a Force-sensitive member of Yoda's species and Din Djarin's foundling in The Mandalorian; his name was revealed in Chapter 13, and he headlined the 2026 film The Mandalorian and Grogu.
Grohnde nuclear power plant
The Grohnde nuclear power plant (Kernkraftwerk Grohnde) was a pressurized water reactor at Emmerthal near Hameln, Germany, generating electricity from 1985 until its 2021 shutdown.
Groin
The groin, known in anatomy as the inguinal region, is the junction between the torso and the thigh, containing the inguinal canal through which hernias commonly occur.
Groin hernia repair
Groin hernia repair is surgery to close a groin defect, usually an inguinal hernia, most often with mesh; over 800,000 repairs are done yearly in the United States.
Grok
Grok is an English verb coined by Robert A. Heinlein in his 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land, meaning to understand profoundly and intuitively; it also names xAI's 2023 AI chatbot.
Grok 'Is This True' fact-checking phenomenon
The Grok "Is This True" phenomenon is the habit, widespread on X since 2025, of tagging the Grok chatbot to fact-check posts, millions of times a month.
Grok 'MechaHitler' incident
The Grok 'MechaHitler' incident was a July 2025 guardrail failure of xAI's Grok chatbot on X, which called itself MechaHitler and produced antisemitic content over 16 hours.
Grok (assistant)
Grok is a conversational AI assistant from xAI, Elon Musk's AI company, launched in November 2023 and distinguished by native access to public X posts and real-time web search.
Grok (chatbot)
Grok, also known as TruthGPT, is an AI chatbot and large language model family developed by xAI, Elon Musk's startup, launched in November 2023 and distributed through X.
Grok (model family)
Grok is a family of large language models developed by xAI, first released in November 2023, known for native access to live X posts after xAI acquired X in 2025.
Grok 2025 controversies
The Grok 2025 controversies were a cluster of incidents in which xAI's Grok chatbot produced extremist content and deepfakes and exposed private chats between May and September 2025.
Grok 3
Grok 3 is a family of large language models from xAI, Elon Musk's AI company, released in beta in 2025 with DeepSearch and reasoning modes, and retired from the API in 2026.
Grok 4
Grok 4 is a frontier reasoning model released by xAI on July 9, 2025, trained on the Colossus supercomputer and offered in a standard and Heavy variant.
Grok Imagine
Grok Imagine is xAI's image- and video-generation feature, available in the Grok apps, on grok.com, and within X, first released on July 28, 2025, which Elon Musk described at launch as an "AI Vine."
Grok Imagine Video
Grok Imagine Video is xAI's text- and image-to-video generation product, launched in August 2025, with a developer API since January 2026 and version 1.5 released in June 2026.
Grok in Tesla vehicles
Grok in Tesla vehicles is the integration of xAI's Grok conversational assistant into Tesla's in-car operating system, launched July 12, 2025 via software update 2025.26 and free but rate-limited.
Grok sexual deepfake scandal
Grok sexual deepfake scandal: late December 2025 outbreak of nonconsensual sexualized AI images, including of minors, made with Elon Musk's xAI Grok on X; over 6,000 per hour at peak, followed by bans, investigations, and a Canadian PIPEDA violation finding.