All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Grok training run on Colossus
The Grok training run on Colossus was xAI's training of its Grok models, starting with Grok 3 in 2025, on a 200,000-GPU supercomputer in Memphis.
Grokipedia
Grokipedia, also known as Grokipedia.com, is an AI-generated online encyclopedia launched by Elon Musk's company xAI in late October 2025 as a rival to Wikipedia, with articles written by the Grok model.
Grokking (machine learning)
Grokking is a machine learning phenomenon in which a neural network memorizes its training data first, then abruptly achieves perfect generalization long after training accuracy has reached its ceiling.
Grolier Club
The Grolier Club is a private society of bibliophiles in New York City founded in 1884, with about 800 members, a 150,000-volume research library, and free public exhibitions.
Grolier Codex
The Grolier Codex, officially the Códice Maya de México, is an eleventh- or twelfth-century Maya bark-paper book tracking the planet Venus, now accepted as the oldest surviving book of the Americas.
Grolsch Brewery
Grolsch Brewery (Koninklijke Grolsch Brouwerij N.V.), Dutch brewery founded 1615 in Groenlo, now in Enschede and owned by Asahi; known for its swing-top bottle, Premium Pilsner, and 0.0% beer.
Groma
The groma was an ancient surveying instrument used above all by Roman land surveyors to set out straight lines and right angles for farmland, towns, roads, and military camps.
GROMACS
GROMACS (GROningen MAChine for Chemical Simulation) is a free, open-source molecular dynamics suite developed in the 1990s at the University of Groningen, used mainly for simulating biomolecules such as proteins.
Grommet
Grommet: a ring, usually two-piece with a washer, set into fabric to reinforce holes for ropes, hooks, or rods on tarps, banners, sails, and curtains. From French gromette; sized #00–#8; distinct from smaller one-piece eyelets.
Gromov boundary
The Gromov boundary of a hyperbolic metric space records the directions to infinity as equivalence classes of geodesic rays; it was introduced by Gromov in 1987.
Gromov–Witten invariants
Gromov–Witten invariants are numbers counting, in a loose sense, holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces to a variety or symplectic manifold, defined via the virtual fundamental class of the moduli space of stable maps.
Grondwet of the South African Republic
The Grondwet of the South African Republic (Grondwet van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) was the 1858 constitution of the Boer Transvaal republic, vesting supreme authority in the elected Volksraad.
Groningen
Groningen is the largest city of the Dutch north, first recorded in 1040 as villa Cruoninga, a former Hanseatic city-state and university city (founded 1614), with about 244,060 residents in 2026, known for gas-field earthquakes and the 2023 parliamentary inquiry.
Groningen Gas Field
The Groningen gas field is a natural gas field in the Netherlands, discovered in 1959 near Slochteren and the largest known in Europe, producing from 1963 to 2023.
Groninger (company)
Groninger is a German family-owned company founded in 1980 by Horst Groninger that makes filling and closing machines for the pharmaceutical, consumer healthcare, and cosmetics industries.
Grönland Rupes
Grönland Rupes (Gronland Rupes) is a 276-km lobate scarp on Mercury near the equator, IAU-approved August 18, 2026, named for the German research ship Grönland of the 1868 first German arctic expedition.
Gronowo
Gronowo (German: Gross Grünow), village in Drawsko County, West Pomerania, Poland; site of a major Wielbark culture barrow cemetery of the Roman period, excavated by Wołągiewicz 1973–1976 and published by Machajewski in 2013.
Gronwall's inequality
Gronwall's inequality, also called Grönwall's lemma or the Gronwall–Bellman inequality, is an integral inequality that converts implicit bounds into explicit exponential bounds for a function.
Groom Lake (salt flat)
Groom Lake, also called Groom Dry Lake, is a 4,440-foot-elevation salt flat (playa) in southern Nevada about 80 miles from Las Vegas, chosen in 1955 for secret U-2 testing and now the site of the Area 51 installation, with names Watertown, Paradise Ranch, and Dreamland.
Groom of the Stool
Groom of the Stool (Groom of the King's Close Stool, later Groom of the Stole): English royal household office from c. 1495, attending the monarch's toilet yet becoming keeper of the privy purse and a council post until 1901.
Groombridge 34
Groombridge 34, also cataloged as Gliese 15 (GJ 15), is a binary system of two red dwarf stars in Andromeda about 11.6 light-years away, whose primary hosts two confirmed planets.
Grooming gangs scandal
The UK grooming gangs scandal: group-based child sexual exploitation in towns such as Rotherham, Rochdale and Oldham, the 2014 Jay report, the 2025 Casey audit, and the national inquiry chaired by Baroness Anne Longfield from 2026.
Groomsman
A groomsman is one of several men attending the bridegroom at a wedding, including the best man; in the UK the role is usually called an usher.
Groot
Groot is Marvel Comics' tree-like Guardian of the Galaxy, a flora colossus from Planet X who says only "I am Groot". Debuting in Tales to Astonish #13 (1959), reinvented as a hero in 2007, voiced by Vin Diesel in the MCU.
Groote Eylandt
Groote Eylandt: island in Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, 2,285 km2, fourth largest Australian island, homeland of the Anindilyakwa people and site of the GEMCO manganese mine, operating since 1965.
Groote Schuur Hospital
Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town's premier public tertiary academic hospital and UCT's main teaching hospital, opened 1938; site of the world's first human heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard on 3 December 1967.
Grootegeluk Coal Mine
Grootegeluk Coal Mine is a large multi-seam, open-pit coal mine in the Waterberg Coalfield near Lephalale, Limpopo, South Africa, owned by Exxaro Resources and producing coal since 1980.
Grootfontein
Grootfontein (Afrikaans, "big fountain") is a town in Otjozondjupa Region, north-central Namibia, on the B8 road in the maize triangle with Otavi and Tsumeb; founded 1885 by Dorslandtrekkers, fort built 1896, museum since 1983.
Grootvlei power station
Grootvlei power station is a coal-fired power station near Balfour in Mpumalanga, South Africa, owned by Eskom, with six 200 MW units commissioned between 1969 and 1977.
Groove (music)
Groove in music: the pleasurable urge to move to a beat, central to funk, soul, R&B, rock, and jazz; studied via syncopation, microtiming, tempo, and motor-system effects.