All articles starting with G
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Guanine
Guanine (G), C5H5N5O, is the purine DNA/RNA base pairing with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds; recycled by HGPRT to GMP, forms G-quadruplexes, prone to 8-oxo oxidation, and detected in the Ryugu asteroid.
Guanine deaminase
Guanine deaminase (GDA, guanase, cypin), EC 3.5.4.3, is a zinc-dependent enzyme converting guanine to xanthine and ammonia in purine catabolism; human AHS-fold and bacterial CDA-fold forms exist, and serum activity marks liver disease.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins that activate small GTPases such as Ras, Rho, Rab, and Arf by catalyzing GDP release, letting GTP rebind; family-specific catalytic domains include CDC25, DH, and Sec7.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor SopE
SopE, with paralog SopE2, is a Salmonella type III secretion effector and bacterial guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42 and Rac1, driving actin ruffling, invasion, tight-junction disruption, inflammation, and phage-borne spread of sopE in epidemic strains.
Guanine-specific ADP-ribosyl transferase-like
Guanine-specific ADP-ribosyl transferase-like, exemplified by ScARP (SCO5461) from Streptomyces coelicolor, is a pierisin-family ARTC enzyme that ADP-ribosylates the N2 of guanine in DNA, RNA, and nucleotides, also cytidine, reversed by NADAR hydrolases.
Guanjie He
Guanjie He is a British-based materials chemist and engineer who is Professor in Materials Chemistry and Engineering at University College London, known for aqueous zinc-ion batteries and electrocatalysis, and awarded the RSC Harrison-Meldola Medal in 2025.
Guanlong Group
The Guanlong Group (关陇集团) was a political coalition of Hu and Han elites in Guanzhong, assembled by Yuwen Tai in the mid-sixth century and ruling Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, and early Tang.
Guanning Army
The Guanning Army (关宁铁骑) was the Ming dynasty's heavy cavalry of the Shanhaiguan–Ningyuan defense line in the Liaoxi corridor, famed under Wu Sangui and later serving the Qing.
Guano
Guano: accumulated seabird or bat excrement rich in phosphates and nitrogen, used as fertilizer. Peru's 1840s–1880s Chincha Islands boom exported ~12 million tons for ~US$500 million; modern Peru harvests it under a rotating conservation system.
Guano Apes
Guano Apes: German alternative rock/crossover band formed 1994 in Göttingen, fronted by Sandra Nasić. Debut Proud Like a God (1997) with "Open Your Eyes"; broke up mid-2000s, reformed 2009.
Guano Era
The Guano Era was the period of Peruvian history from about 1840 to 1880, when exporting seabird guano from coastal islands gave the state extraordinary fiscal revenue.
Guano Islands Act
Guano Islands Act: U.S. law of August 18, 1856 (11 Stat. 119; 48 U.S.C. §§ 1411–1419) letting citizens claim unclaimed guano islands for the United States; upheld in Jones v. United States (1890).
Guanosine
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside consisting of guanine attached to ribose, one of the four standard ribonucleosides of RNA and parent of the guanine nucleotides GMP, GDP, and GTP.
Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) is a guanine nucleotide with two phosphate groups and formula C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₁P₂, the product of GTP hydrolysis and the inactive, GDP-bound state of regulatory GTP-binding proteins.
Guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine monophosphate, also called guanylic acid, is a purine ribonucleotide made of guanine, ribose, and one phosphate group, an RNA building block and umami flavor enhancer.
Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate that functions as an energy carrier, a building block of RNA, and a switching ligand for regulatory proteins in cells.
Guanpin ling (Statute on Official Ranks)
The Guanpin ling (官品令) was the Tang dynasty statute fixing the ranks and titles of civil and military officials, first set by Emperor Taizong with 643 offices.
Guanqiu Jian
Guanqiu Jian (毌丘俭) was a general of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, known for his campaigns against Gongsun Yuan and Goguryeo and for leading a rebellion against the Sima regency.
Guanqiu Jian's campaigns against Goguryeo
Guanqiu Jian's campaigns against Goguryeo were invasions of the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo by Cao Wei, commanded by the Wei general Guanqiu Jian from 244 to 246.
Guanta
Guanta is a port city and municipality on the northeastern Caribbean coast of Anzoátegui state, Venezuela, grown around an oil terminal, with ferry service to Margarita Island.
Guantanamera
Guantanamera is Cuba's most famous song, a guajira-son built on the refrain "guajira guantanamera" (woman from Guantánamo). Joseíto Fernández popularized it on 1930s radio; the best-known Martí-verse version is credited to Julián Orbón, internationalized by Pete Seeger in 1963.
Guantánamo Bay
Guantánamo Bay (Bahía de Guantánamo), also called Gitmo, is a sheltered hourglass-shaped Caribbean bay in southeastern Cuba, site of a 45-square-mile U.S. naval base leased since 1903 for $4,085 a year and of post-2002 detention facilities.
Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Guantanamo Bay detention camp: U.S. military prison at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, opened January 2002 for war-on-terror detainees; about 780 held total, 36 remained in 2022; site of Boumediene habeas ruling and, since 2025, migrant detention.
Guantanamo Bay migrant camps
The Guantanamo Bay migrant camps are detention facilities for Haitian and Cuban migrants at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, used mainly from 1991 to 1996.
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, "Gitmo") is the oldest U.S. overseas military installation, a 45-square-mile leased enclave in Cuba held since 1903 under a perpetual lease, known for its detention facility and military commissions.
Guanting Reservoir
Guanting Reservoir (官厅水库) is a multipurpose reservoir on the Yongding River northwest of Beijing, completed in 1954 as China's first large post-1949 reservoir, serving flood control and water supply.
Guanxi (关系)
Guanxi (关系) is the Chinese system of personal relationships built on trust, affection (ganqing), obligation (renqing), and face (mianzi), used for favor exchange in business, law, and daily life, distinct from Western social capital and increasingly reshaped by digitalization.
Guanxiu
Guanxiu (贯休, 832) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the late Tang and Five Dynasties period, remembered as a prolific poet-monk and the most famous arhat painter in Chinese painting history.
Guanyin (观音)
Guanyin, also known as Kwan Yin, is the East Asian form of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, the embodiment of compassion in Mahayana Buddhism and a Chinese goddess of mercy.
Guanyin, Gibbons, and Crane
Guanyin, Gibbons, and Crane (観音猿鶴図, Kannon saru tsuru zu) is a set of three hanging scrolls painted by Muqi in the 13th century, held at Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto.