All articles starting with G
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Gastropod symbioses and commensal relationships
Gastropod symbioses are close, long-term associations between snails, limpets, and their relatives and other organisms, including anemones on shells, hermit crab partnerships, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in vent snails.
Gastropod taxa described in the 2000s
Gastropod taxa described in the 2000s: snail and slug species named 2000-2009, amid molecular taxonomy, cryptic species discovery, the Bouchet & Rocroi 2005 classification, and deep-sea finds.
Gastropod zonation and habitat use
Gastropod zonation and habitat use describes how snails and limpets occupy environments along gradients of exposure, temperature, and chemistry, from rocky intertidal zones to hydrothermal vents.
Gastropoda
Gastropoda, the snails and slugs, is the most diverse mollusc class, about 90,000 living species, defined by torsion, a radula, and a muscular foot, ranging from Cambrian marine origins to land and fresh water.
Gastropods in biostratigraphic correlation
Gastropods in biostratigraphic correlation are a second-rank correlation tool, because most gastropod species last about 10 million years, so gastropod zones usually work within a basin rather than worldwide.
Gastropods of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
Gastropods of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are the snails and limpets living on the deep-sea floor where chemically reduced fluids escape from the seabed.
Gastropods of the African Great Lakes
Freshwater gastropods of African Great Lakes include Paludomidae snails from Lake Tanganyika, harboring about 50 endemic species, whereas Lake Malawi's fauna is depauperate and has no endemic genera.
Gastroptosis
Gastroptosis (gastric prolapse, stomach ptosis), ICD-11 DA40.5: downward displacement of the stomach with the greater curvature below the iliac crest or in the pelvis. Described by Glénard 1833; mainly women 20-50; diagnosed by upright upper GI series; treated with prokinetics, exercises, bandages.
Gastroschisis
Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect, ICD-10 Q79.3, with a hole beside the umbilicus (usually right) and herniated bowel without a sac; US prevalence about 1 in 2,564 births, rising through 2012 then declining 2016-2024, survival 92-96%.
Gastroscopes
Gastroscopes, also called upper endoscopes or EGD scopes, are flexible camera tubes for examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; diameters 4.9–12.8 mm, with single-use and reusable variants compared in recent evidence.
Gastroscopy
Gastroscopy, also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD, is an endoscopic procedure in which a flexible camera passed through the mouth examines the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.
Gastrostomy
Gastrostomy is the creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach, most often to place a feeding tube for long-term enteral nutrition in patients with swallowing difficulty.
Gastrostomy malfunction
Gastrostomy malfunction (ICD-11 DE12.1) covers feeding tube dislodgement, leakage, obstruction, and buried bumper after gastrostomy; displacement affects about 10.8% of adults, clogging 25-35%.
Gastrotheca
Gastrotheca, marsupial frogs (Hemiphractidae), 79 Neotropical species whose females incubate eggs in a dorsal brood pouch; embryos bear bell gills, and tadpoles re-evolved within the genus.
Gastrotrich
Gastrotricha, hairy-bellied worms, a phylum of about 900 microscopic acoelomate meiofaunal worms in two orders, Chaetonotida and Macrodasyida, sister to Platyhelminthes, feeding via a triradiate pharynx.
Gastrulation
Gastrulation: early embryogenesis stage converting a blastula into a multilayered gastrula with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm via emboly, epiboly, convergence, and extension; in humans it begins around day 14 with the primitive streak.
Gasur
Gasur, later the Hurrian city Nuzi and today Yorghan Tepe, is an archaeological site 13 km southwest of Kirkuk, Iraq, known for its cuneiform tablet archive.
Gasworks
A gasworks is an industrial plant that manufactured gas from coal for lighting, heating, and cooking, with the Gas Light and Coke Company of London leading from 1812.
GaTa
GaTa (Davionte Ganter) is an American rapper, hype man, and actor born in Los Angeles; Tyga's longtime hype man and Lil Dicky's real-life and on-screen hype man on FX's Dave, where his bipolar-disorder storyline made him a breakout star.
Gata Only
Gata Only: Chilean reggaeton hit by FloyyMenor and Cris MJ, released solo December 2023 and as a duet 2 February 2024; most-used TikTok song of 2024, 14 weeks at number 1 on Hot Latin Songs, Billboard Top Latin Song winner.
GATA1
GATA1 (GATA binding protein 1, ERYF1, NF-E1) is an X-linked zinc finger transcription factor binding (A/T)GATA(A/G) motifs that master-regulates erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation; its GATA1s truncation causes Down syndrome leukemias and dyserythropoietic anemia.
GATA2
GATA2 (GATA binding protein 2) is a zinc-finger transcription factor gene essential for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance; germline mutations cause GATA2 deficiency syndrome (MonoMAC, DCML, Emberger) with MDS/AML and immunodeficiency.
GATA3
GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3) is a zinc-finger transcription factor at 10p14, master regulator of Th2 differentiation, cause of HDR syndrome when haploinsufficient, and a sensitive immunohistochemical marker of breast and urothelial carcinoma.
GATA4
GATA4 (GATA binding protein 4), gene at 8p23.1, encodes a GATA-family zinc-finger transcription factor regulating cardiac and testicular development; mutations cause congenital heart defects and 46,XY DSD.
GATA6
GATA6 (GATA-binding factor 6) is a zinc-finger transcription factor gene on 18q11.2 regulating heart and pancreas development; mutations cause congenital heart defects, pancreatic agenesis, and neonatal-to-adult diabetes.
Gatcombe Park
Gatcombe Park is a Georgian country house and 730-acre estate in Gloucestershire, England, built in the 1770s and the private country home of Anne, Princess Royal since 1976.
Gate (airport)
An airport gate, also called a departure gate, is a numbered terminal location where passengers transition between the terminal and an aircraft, one of the scarcest resources in an airport.
Gate (ゲート 自衛隊 彼の地にて、斯く戦えり) (novel series)
Gate (ゲート 自衛隊 彼の地にて、斯く戦えり; Gate: Thus the JSDF Fought There!) is Takumi Yanai's military isekai light novel series, first a 2006–2009 Arcadia web novel, published by AlphaPolis from 2010, with manga by Satoru Sao, a 2015–2016 A-1 Pictures anime, and over 7.7 million copies sold.
Gate Bioscience
Gate Bioscience is a preclinical biotechnology company founded in 2021 in Brisbane, California, developing oral small molecules called Molecular Gates that block disease-causing secreted proteins through the Sec61 channel.
Gate control theory
Gate control theory of pain, proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 in Science, holds that spinal dorsal horn gating of large versus small afferent fiber activity modulates pain perception; details later revised, inspiring TENS and the neuromatrix theory.