All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
Gauda kingdom
The Gauda kingdom (गौड़ राज्य) was an early medieval kingdom in Bengal, arising in the late 6th century after the Gupta Empire's fall, with its capital at Karnasuvarna.
Gauḍapāda
Gauḍapāda (गौडपाद) was an early Vedanta philosopher, traditionally dated to the 5th or 6th century CE, who composed the Māṇḍūkya-kārikā, the earliest surviving Advaita text.
Gaudeamus
Gaudeamus is an extinct hystricognathous rodent genus from the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Egypt, Libya, Oman, and Morocco; type species G. aegyptius Wood, 1968, basis of the family Gaudeamuridae, not the student song or conference.
Gaudeamus igitur
Gaudeamus igitur, also De brevitate vitae, is a Latin student song; text fixed by Kindleben in 1781 at Halle, oldest text evidence a 13th-century manuscript, known from Brahms's Academic Festival Overture.
Gaudentius
Gaudentius was bishop of Brescia from about 387 until about 410, ordained by Ambrose of Milan, and is known through twenty-one surviving tractates, ten of them Easter sermons.
Gaudenz Danuser
Gaudenz Danuser is a computational biologist who develops computer-vision methods for live-cell imaging of cancer cells; he led bioinformatics at UT Southwestern before joining Roche's Institute of Human Biology in 2025.
Gaudí (Mercurian crater)
Gaudí is an 81 km diameter impact crater on Mercury at 76.9°N, 290.5°W, named for architect Antoni Gaudí under the IAU rule naming Mercurian craters after artists, composers, and writers.
Gaudiano
Gaudiano: a hamlet of Lavello in Basilicata, Italy, site of a Roman villa in use from the Augustan period to the 7th century AD, an Early Neolithic village, and the Masseria Fortunato; also the surname of Palermo Stone donor Ferdinando Gaudiano.
Gaudium et spes
Gaudium et spes, Latin for "Joy and Hope," is the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, issued by Pope Paul VI at the close of Vatican II in 1965.
Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Gaudiya Vaishnavism, or the Chaitanya Vaishnava sampradaya, is a Krishna-centered bhakti tradition from Bengal founded by Chaitanya (1486–1533), known for the acintya-bhedabheda doctrine and spread worldwide by ISKCON since 1966.
Gaudy Night
Gaudy Night (1935), Dorothy L. Sayers's tenth Lord Peter Wimsey novel and third Harriet Vane mystery, set at fictional Shrewsbury College, Oxford, solving poison pen letters and vandalism with no murder.
Gaue (crater on Ceres)
Gaue is an impact crater on Ceres about 80 km wide, imaged by NASA's Dawn in 2015 and named for a Germanic goddess of the rye harvest.
Gauge (firearms)
Gauge, or shotgun gauge, is the traditional unit for stating a shotgun's bore diameter, defined by lead balls; a larger gauge number always means a smaller bore.
Gauge (knitting)
Gauge (knitting): stitches and rows per 4 inches (10 cm) of knitted fabric, also called tension. Set by yarn, needles, and personal tension; verified with a washed swatch; central to fit and yarn substitution, with Craft Yarn Council category ranges as reference.
Gauge block
A gauge block, also called a Johansson gauge or slip gauge, is a block of hard material with flat, parallel faces used as a length standard.
Gauge boson
A gauge boson is a force-carrying elementary particle that arises from a symmetry of a quantum field theory; the photon, gluon, and W and Z bosons carry forces.
Gauge Capital
Gauge Capital is a middle-market private equity firm headquartered in Southlake, Texas, founded by Tom McKelvey and Drew Johnson, managing over $3.0 billion across five sectors.
Gauge conditions in numerical relativity
Gauge conditions in numerical relativity fix the coordinate system, through the lapse function and shift vector, in which the Einstein equations are evolved on a computer.
Gauge fixing
Gauge fixing is a procedure in quantum field theory that imposes a condition on the gauge field to remove redundant gauge-equivalent degrees of freedom, using the Faddeev–Popov construction.
Gauge invariance
Gauge invariance is the invariance of a theory's equations and observables under gauge transformations, changes of description like electromagnetic potentials that leave measurable quantities unchanged.
Gauge theory
A gauge theory, or gauge field theory, is a field theory invariant under local transformations; demanding this invariance forces the gauge fields that carry forces into existence.
Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking
Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) is a class of supersymmetric models in which Standard Model gauge interactions, rather than gravity, transmit supersymmetry breaking to the observable sector.
Gauhar Jaan (गौहर जान)
Gauhar Jaan (गौहर जान), born Eileen Angelina Yeoward, was a Calcutta-based tawaif singer who in November 1902 made the subcontinent's first commercial gramophone recording, cut about 600 discs in over ten languages, and ended each with 'My name is Gauhar Jaan'.
Gaul
Gaul (Latin Gallia, Greek Γαλατία) was the Roman name for Celtic-speaking western Europe, roughly France and Belgium. Conquered by Caesar 58–52 BCE, it became the Gallo-Roman civilization until the 5th century.
Gaulan
Gaulan (गौळण, also spelled Gawlan or Gavlan) is a song genre of Marathi folk literature in which the gopis voice complaints and longing for Krishna.
Gaular
Gaular was a former municipality in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway (number 1430), an agricultural district on the salmon river Gaula with center Sande; merged into Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland on 1 January 2020.
Gauleiter
Gauleiter: highest regional leaders of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), heading Gaue, the party's territorial districts; appointed by Hitler, directly responsible to him under the Führer principle, and holders of state offices such as Reichsstatthalter or Oberpräsident after 1933.
Gauley Bhai
Gauley Bhai, meaning 'brothers from back home', is a Nepali-language folk-rock band formed in 2017 in Bengaluru, India, with albums Joro (2019) and Sunbari (2025).
Gaullism
Gaullism (gaullisme): French political tradition claiming Charles de Gaulle's legacy; national independence, strong executive, referendum democracy, statist economy, anti-bloc foreign policy; powered the Fifth Republic's governing right from 1958.
Gauloises
Gauloises is a French cigarette brand launched in 1910, known for its strong dark tobacco and winged Gallic helmet logo, now sold in over 30 countries by Imperial Brands.