All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
Historical Indian flags
Historical Indian flags of the subcontinent and the national movement: the 1906 Calcutta hoisting, Bhikaji Cama's 1907 flag, the 1917 Home Rule flag, Venkayya's 1921 design, the 1931 charkha tricolour, and the 22 July 1947 Ashoka Chakra flag.
Historical Jesus
The historical Jesus, also called the historical Christ, is the scholarly reconstruction of Jesus of Nazareth as a first-century figure, distinguished from the Christ of faith.
Historical kana orthography (旧仮名遣い)
Historical kana orthography (歴史的仮名遣い, 旧仮名遣い), also called restorationist or classical kana usage, is the pre-1946 Japanese kana spelling based on Heian-period usage, standardized from Keichū's work and used officially from Meiji until the 1946 modern kana reform.
Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics or comparative philology, is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages change over time, with the comparative method reconstructing unattested ancestral languages.
Historical materialism
Historical materialism, or the materialist conception of history, is the Marxian theory explaining social change through modes of production and exchange; the term was coined by Plekhanov, first formulated in The German Ideology (1845–6).
Historical method
Historical method: the techniques historians use with primary sources and evidence to research and write history; source criticism, external and internal criticism, Ranke's archival tradition, and debates over objectivity distinguish it.
Historical Methods
Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History is a peer-reviewed journal published since 1967 by Taylor & Francis, covering quantitative, computational, and digital-history methods.
Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta
Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta (Makli Necropolis), a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981 in Sindh, Pakistan: about 500,000 tombs over 10 km², 14th–18th centuries, Samma to Mughal dynasties.
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta, UNESCO World Heritage serial property (inscribed 1994) in Georgia: Jvari Monastery, Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, and Samtavro Monastery in Georgia's ancient capital, where Christianity became the state religion in 337.
Historical negationism
Historical negationism is the illegitimate denial or distortion of established historical facts, a term coined by Henry Rousso to separate denial from legitimate revisionism; Holocaust denial is its paradigm case, now spreading through podcasts and social media.
Historical network analysis
Historical network analysis applies social network analysis and graph theory to historical sources, revealing relational patterns invisible to the historical actors, as in credit networks and the Republic of Letters.
Historical Park
Historical Park (Исторически парк) is a private open-air attraction in Neofit Rilski, Varna Province, Bulgaria, opened 2019 by Ivelin Mihaylov, reconstructing six eras of Bulgarian history from the Neolithic to the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, amid Ponzi-scheme and SANS fraud allegations.
Historical participation of women in physics
The historical participation of women in physics spans the 18th century to the present, a pattern of exclusion and celebrated exceptions like Marie Curie and Lise Meitner.
Historical race concepts
Historical race concepts: frameworks from Bernier (1684), Linnaeus, Kant, and Blumenbach through eugenics to the twentieth-century anthropological, UNESCO, and genetic critiques, and today's social-constructivist and genomics-era population-descriptor frameworks.
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States: how census race and ethnicity categories evolved from 1790's three categories to the 2024 SPD 15 revision adding a MENA category and a combined question.
Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
Historical rankings of US presidents: expert surveys begun by Arthur Schlesinger Sr. in 1948, now led by Siena (since 1982), C-SPAN, and the Presidential Greatness Project; Lincoln, Washington, and FDR consistently top.
Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Historical rankings of UK prime ministers: academic surveys by Theakston and Gill (2004, 2011, 2016), MPs' 2023 poll, and YouGov popularity trackers. Attlee, Churchill, Lloyd George and Thatcher consistently top expert rankings; Eden and Truss rank lowest.
Historical reenactment
Historical reenactment, a form of living history, is costumed reconstruction of past events, customs, and material culture by hobbyists and museums, from battle reenactments to living history sites, organized around negotiated authenticity.
Historical refinements of the classical tests of general relativity
Historical refinements of the classical tests of general relativity cover how Mercury's perihelion, light deflection, and redshift tests were sharpened from the 1920s to the 1960s.
Historical reliability of the Gospels
The historical reliability of the Gospels is the question of how far the four canonical Gospels preserve accurate information about Jesus of Nazareth, judged by the methods of ancient history.
Historical revisionism
Historical revisionism: re-examination of accepted historical interpretations using new evidence, methods, or perspectives; distinct from denialism and political falsification, and separate from the IR meaning of revisionist states.
Historical romance
Historical romance is a popular fiction genre in which a central love story with an optimistic ending is set in a historical period, spanning Regency, medieval, and Western romance.
Historical school of economics
The Historical school of economics was a German-led 19th-century movement rejecting classical universal laws, led by Roscher and Schmoller and dominant in Germany until World War I.
Historical simulation (finance)
Historical simulation is a nonparametric method for estimating Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall by applying recorded historical market moves directly to a portfolio's current positions.
Historical song
A historical song (историческая песня) is a Russian folk song devoted to real events and figures of Russian history, flourishing in the 16th to 18th centuries.
Historical subfamily and tribe arrangements in spider classification
Historical subfamily and tribe arrangements in spider classification documents superseded subfamily and tribe schemes, including the cribellate split, Nephilinae's rank changes, and Maddison's 2015 Salticidae revision.
Historical synonymy in bivalve nomenclature
Historical synonymy in bivalve nomenclature covers obsolete and invalid names applied to bivalve molluscs, and the rules, including priority and prevailing use, that decide which name is valid.
Historical Tissue Therapy
Historical tissue therapy (MeSH D014023) is the superseded practice of transplanting refrigerated tissue after Filatov and injecting fresh or preserved cells after Niehans, based on the theory of biogenic stimulators formed in chilled tissues.
Historical Vedic religion
Historical Vedic religion: ancient Indian religion of the Vedas, also called Vedic Brahmanism, centered on fire sacrifice (yajna), the Soma ritual, and a priestly class, later transformed by Upanishadic thought.
Historical–Memorial Complex "Graves of Bykivnia"
Graves of Bykivnia (Биківнянські могили) is a national memorial reserve on Kyiv's outskirts, the largest Ukrainian burial site of NKVD repression victims, 1937–1941, long misattributed to Nazi occupiers and recognized only in 1989.