All articles starting with I
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Imad Mughniyeh (عماد فايز مغنية)
Imad Mughniyeh was a Lebanese Shia militant who built and led Hezbollah's military wing, credited with the 1983 Beirut bombings, until his 2008 assassination in Damascus.
Imad Shahi dynasty
The Imad Shahi dynasty (سلسلہ عماد شاہی) was a Muslim royal house that ruled Berar in the Deccan, founded by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk and ended by Ahmadnagar's conquest in 1572.
Imad Wasim
Imad Wasim (سید عماد وسیم حیدر), born 1988 in Swansea, Pakistani left-arm orthodox spinning all-rounder; 55 ODIs and 75 T20Is for Pakistan 2015-2024, 2017 Champions Trophy winner, retired November 2023, returned for 2024 T20 World Cup, re-retired December 2024.
Imad-ul-Mulk
Imad-ul-Mulk was a title in the Delhi Sultanate, where the bearer was appointed Diwan-i-Ariz by Balban. A well-documented Mughal-era vizier with the same name was Ghazi-ud-Din.
Imad-us-Saadat
Imad-us-Saadat (عماد السعادت) is a Persian chronicle of Awadh composed by Ghulam Ali Naqvi around 1807, dedicated to the British Resident at Lucknow and valued despite questions about its reliability.
Imagabalin
Imagabalin (PD-0332334, PF-00195889) is Pfizer's discontinued oral α2δ calcium-channel ligand, a gabapentinoid β-amino acid tested in Phase 3 for generalized anxiety disorder; development ended in 2009 for lack of benefit over standard care, never approved.
Imagawa clan
The Imagawa clan (今川氏) was a Japanese daimyo house, a collateral branch of the Ashikaga, that ruled Suruga and Tōtōmi until Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed at Okehazama in 1560.
Imagawa Kana Mokuroku
The Imagawa Kana Mokuroku (今川仮名目録) is the house law of the Imagawa clan, issued by Imagawa Ujichika in 1526 and supplemented by Imagawa Yoshimoto in 1553.
Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川義元, 1519–1560) was a Sengoku-period warlord who ruled Suruga, Tōtōmi, and most of Mikawa, and died in battle against Oda Nobunaga at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560.
Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome
Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome (IMMAS, SUZ12-related overgrowth syndrome, OMIM 618786) is a rare autosomal dominant PRC2-related overgrowth disorder caused by heterozygous SUZ12 variants, with fewer than 20 reported cases.
Image
An image is a representation—a drawing, mosaic, or optical counterpart—studied in art history and image theory, where modern visual culture considers its function beyond the artistic domain.
Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, the image of a function is the set of all outputs it produces, and the image of a set under a function collects those outputs.
Image analysis
Image analysis, also called automated image analysis, is the computer extraction of meaningful information from digital images, underpinning industrial inspection, satellite mapping, and medical diagnosis.
Image captioning
Image captioning is the AI task of generating a natural-language sentence that describes an image, bridging computer vision and natural language processing since the 2014 Show and Tell model.
Image classification
Image classification is the computer vision task of assigning a whole image to one category label, and since 2012 the standard benchmark for deep learning models.
Image Comics
Image Comics, founded in 1992 by seven ex-Marvel artists including McFarlane, Liefeld, and Jim Lee, is the third-largest US comic publisher and the leading creator-owned house, taking no IP or media rights from creators. Notable for Spawn, The Walking Dead, and Saga.
Image compression
Image compression is the set of methods for representing digital images in fewer bits, divided into lossless methods like PNG and lossy methods like JPEG, which achieve roughly 10:1 to 20:1 size reductions.
Image correlation spectroscopy
Image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) is a fluorescence microscopy analysis method, introduced in 1993, that measures the density, aggregation state, and transport of fluorescently labeled molecules in cells.
Image cytometry
Image cytometry is a cell-analysis method in microscopy that records images of individual cells and derives per-cell fluorescence, localization, size, shape, and texture measurements, unlike conventional flow cytometry.
Image deblurring
Image deblurring is the task of recovering a sharp image from one degraded by blur, modeled as convolution with a blur kernel, split into non-blind and blind deblurring.
Image dehazing
Image dehazing is a computer vision method that removes haze and fog from a photograph by inverting atmospheric scattering, recovering a clearer image with higher contrast.
Image denoising
Image denoising is the task of recovering a clean image from a noisy one, one of the oldest and most studied problems in image processing.
Image editing
Image editing, also called image manipulation or photographic editing, is the alteration of photographs, ranging from darkroom dodging and burning to generative AI that creates pixels no camera ever recorded.
Image Enhancement
Image enhancement: improving picture quality via computer processing, digital filtering, contrast agents, and deep-learning denoising, chiefly in medical imaging; MeSH descriptor D007089, introduced 1973, distinct from image segmentation or diagnosis.
Image forgery detection
Image forgery detection, also called image authentication or image integrity verification, determines whether a digital image was altered, and in its localization form identifies which pixels were manipulated.
Image fusion
Image fusion is a computational imaging method that combines complementary information from several images of the same scene into one image, supporting pan-sharpening, change detection, and medical imaging.
Image hashing
Image hashing converts an image into a compact binary code so perceptually similar images receive similar codes, unlike cryptographic hashes, which change completely with any single input bit.
Image inpainting
Image inpainting reconstructs missing or corrupted regions of an image, named in a 2000 SIGGRAPH paper and later transformed by deep learning and diffusion models.
Image intensifier
An image intensifier is a vacuum tube that amplifies low-light optical images using a photocathode, microchannel plate, and phosphor screen, the core of analog night vision devices.
Image macro
Image macro: a captioned image with text superimposed on a picture, classically in white Impact font with black outline; term coined on Something Awful in 2004, spread via 4chan and LOLcats, a foundational internet meme format.