All articles starting with I
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Immortalised cell line
Immortalised cell line (continuous cell line): cells engineered or mutated to divide indefinitely, first achieved with HeLa in 1951; made via telomerase (TERT), SV40, or HPV oncoproteins; authenticated by STR profiling; ICLAC lists 486 misidentified lines.
Immortality
Immortality: the indefinite continuation of a person's existence after death, distinct from a mere afterlife. Also called eternal life or survival of the soul. Covers the three models (soul, astral body, resurrection), personal identity criteria, Williams's boredom argument, and scientific limits on life extension.
Immortality (皓衣行)
Immortality (皓衣行, Hao Yi Xing) is an unaired Chinese xianxia web drama adapted from Rou Bao Bu Chi Rou's danmei novel The Husky and His White Cat Shizun, starring Luo Yunxi and Chen Feiyu; filmed 2020, shelved by China's 2021 dangai crackdown, still unbroadcast.
Immortalized (Disturbed album)
Immortalized (Disturbed album): American heavy metal band Disturbed's sixth studio album, released August 21, 2015 on Reprise, produced by Kevin Churko in secret in Las Vegas; fifth consecutive Billboard 200 #1 debut, includes The Vengeful One and a Sound of Silence cover.
Immortals
The Immortals (Greek Athanatoi) were, in Herodotus' account, an elite corps of 10,000 Persian infantry serving as the Achaemenid king's standing guard, best known for flanking the Spartans at Thermopylae in 480 BC.
Immortals (2011 film)
Immortals is a 2011 American action-fantasy film directed by Tarsem Singh, starring Henry Cavill as Theseus and Mickey Rourke as King Hyperion, loosely based on Greek mythology.
Immortals Fenyx Rising
Immortals Fenyx Rising (formerly Gods & Monsters) is a 2020 Ubisoft Quebec open-world action-adventure game on the Golden Isle, where Fenyx saves Greek gods from Typhon; Metacritic 81.
Immortan Joe
Immortan Joe, born Colonel Joe Moore, is the water-hoarding warlord villain of Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) and Furiosa (2024), played by Hugh Keays-Byrne then Lachy Hulme, ruling the Citadel through the War Boys cult.
Immortus
Immortus (Nathaniel Richards, Earth-6311) is a Marvel Comics villain, first appearing in Avengers #10 (1964), later revealed as a future variant of Kang the Conqueror who rules Limbo as the Time-Keepers' custodian. Distinct from DC's General Immortus of the Doom Patrol and DC's Legion of Super-Villains Immortus.
Immovable Ladder
The Immovable Ladder is a wooden ladder on a window ledge of Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre, unmoved since at least 1728 because the Status Quo requires consent of all six custodian churches to move it.
ImmPACT Bio
ImmPACT Bio USA Inc. was a West Hills, California, biotechnology company developing logic-gated CD19/CD20 CAR T-cell therapies for cancer and lupus, acquired by Lyell Immunopharma in 2024.
Immune Adherence Reaction
Immune adherence reaction: antibody- and complement-dependent binding of C3b-coated antigen to C3b receptor cells (CR1, CD35), mainly primate erythrocytes; basis of the IAHA serology test.
Immune challenge
An immune challenge presents the immune system with a defined stimulus, such as endotoxin or a live pathogen, and measures the response, spanning human infection models, rodent protocols, and wild-bird studies.
Immune checkpoint blockade
Immune checkpoint blockade, also called immune checkpoint therapy, is a cancer immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies to block CTLA-4 or PD-1, reactivating suppressed antitumor T cells.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a cancer treatment using antibodies that block CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1, releasing anti-tumor immune activity; ipilimumab was first approved in 2011.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myositis
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myositis (irAE-myositis) is a rare, potentially fatal immune-related adverse event of PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 cancer immunotherapy, incidence about 0.3–1%, often overlapping with myocarditis and myasthenia gravis.
Immune complex small vessel vasculitis
Immune complex small vessel vasculitis (ICD-11 4A44.9) is the CHCC 2012 category of small-vessel vasculitis with immunoglobulin and complement deposits, covering anti-GBM disease, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, distinct from pauci-immune ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Immune dysregulation-inflammatory bowel disease- recurrent sinopulmonary infections syndrome
Immune dysregulation-inflammatory bowel disease-recurrent sinopulmonary infections syndrome, or NFAT5 haploinsufficiency (ORPHA:529980), is a rare immune disease combining recurrent sinopulmonary infections, autoimmune enterocolopathy, eczematous rashes, IgG subclass deficiency, and low NK cells.
Immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked syndrome
Immune dysregulation-polyendocrinopathy-enteropathy-X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive immune disease affecting boys, caused by FOXP3 mutations, marked from infancy by severe diarrhea, type 1 diabetes, and eczematous skin disease.
Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome
Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a potentially life-threatening neurological side effect, most common after CAR T-cell therapy, causing aphasia, confusion, seizures, and cerebral edema treated with corticosteroids.
Immune Evasion
Immune evasion: methods used by pathogens (and cancer cells) to avoid a host's immune system, via antigenic variation, disguise, MHC and interferon interference, and effector countermeasures.
Immune infiltration analysis
Immune infiltration analysis is a bioinformatic method that computationally estimates immune cell types and their proportions in bulk tumor samples from gene expression data, used in cancer and immunotherapy research.
Immune instructive materials
Immune instructive materials are biomaterials whose physical, chemical, or delivered cues teach immune cells how to behave, targeting medical devices, chronic inflammation, cancer, autoimmune disease, and vaccination.
Immune receptor sequencing
Immune receptor sequencing reads the rearranged gene segments encoding T-cell and B-cell antigen receptors, returning an immune repertoire of clonotypes with their CDR3 sequences and frequencies.
Immune Reconstitution
Immune reconstitution: recovery of immune function, especially T cells, after HIV, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation; includes incomplete CD4 recovery, IRIS, and transplant monitoring.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), or immune restoration disease, is a paradoxical inflammatory worsening or unmasking of opportunistic infections after antiretroviral therapy, affecting about 13% of ART starters, mostly with low CD4 counts.
Immune set
An immune set is an infinite set of natural numbers that contains no infinite recursively enumerable subset, so no algorithm can enumerate an infinite subcollection of it.
Immune system
Immune system: the body's network of cells, tissues, and organs defending against infection. Two branches, innate (rapid, non-specific) and adaptive (specific, with memory via B and T cells); disorders include allergy, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), now immune thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with low platelets from antibody- and T cell-mediated destruction. Treated with corticosteroids, IVIg, TPO-RAs, rituximab, and newer kinase inhibitors.
Immune Tolerance
Immune tolerance, or acquired immunological tolerance, is the immune system's non-reactivity to self. Discovered via Owen's 1945 cattle chimerism, Burnet's 1949 prediction, Medawar's 1953 mouse experiments, and the 1960 Nobel Prize; central and peripheral mechanisms include Tregs.