All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
Immunoradiotherapy
Immunoradiotherapy is the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, most often checkpoint inhibitors, so radiation turns the tumor into an in-situ vaccine; its clinical anchor is the PACIFIC trial in lung cancer.
Immunoscreening
Immunoscreening is a bench biology method that uses antibodies as probes to identify antigens, or the genes encoding them, within large expression or phage-display libraries.
Immunosensor
An immunosensor is a biosensor that uses an antibody or antigen on a transducer to detect its binding partner and convert the binding into a measurable signal.
Immunosequencing
Immunosequencing is a high-throughput sequencing method that enumerates and quantifies T-cell and B-cell receptor clones in a sample, used to track immune responses, monitor minimal residual disease, and profile repertoires in oncology, infection, and vaccination studies.
Immunostaining
Immunostaining is a laboratory method that uses antibodies to bind specific antigens in cells or tissue sections and make their location visible, typically under a microscope.
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression: reduced ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease, caused by HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or deliberately induced with drugs such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and azathioprine to prevent transplant rejection.
Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs, also called immunosuppressants, are agents that dampen immune responses to prevent transplant rejection and treat autoimmune disease; major classes include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiproliferatives, mTOR inhibitors, and antibodies.
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (GOMMID) is a rare kidney disease in which immunoglobulin forms microtubular deposits in the glomeruli, typically causing proteinuria, hematuria, and kidney dysfunction, and is often linked to lymphoma or plasma cell disorders.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, is a treatment that boosts or dampens immune activity to fight cancer, infection, and other diseases; it is a main pillar of cancer care.
Immunotherapy induced hypophysitis
Immunotherapy induced hypophysitis, or ICI-induced hypophysitis, is pituitary inflammation from immune checkpoint inhibitors, mainly ipilimumab (CTLA-4), causing ACTH and TSH deficiency, treated with hormone replacement.
Immunotoxin therapy
Immunotoxin therapy is a cancer treatment fusing a protein toxin to an antibody or ligand that targets tumor cells; three such drugs have been FDA approved since 1999.
Immunoturbidimetry
Immunoturbidimetry is a homogeneous immunoassay technique that quantifies analytes such as serum proteins by measuring the turbidity, or loss of transmitted light, from antigen-antibody complexes, and runs on automated clinical chemistry analyzers.
Immunovant, Inc.
Immunovant, Inc., formerly the SPAC Health Sciences Acquisitions Corporation, is a clinical-stage immunology company in New York City, majority-owned by Roivant and developing IMVT-1402 (imeroprubart) for autoimmune diseases.
Immurement
Immurement (Medieval Latin immurare, "to wall in") is sealing a person alive in an enclosure to die, used as execution, human sacrifice, or voluntary ascetic practice; known from Roman Vestal punishment and medieval religious enclosure.
Immuta
Immuta is a Boston-based data security and data provisioning company founded in 2015 by Matthew Carroll, Steve Touw, and Mike Schiller; its platform enforces centralized, attribute-based access policies across Snowflake, Databricks, and other cloud data platforms, with $259.5M raised.
Immutable infrastructure
Immutable infrastructure is infrastructure that is never modified after deployment; every update, patch, or configuration change produces a new artifact that replaces the old one.
Immutable object
An immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created, a property that lets it be shared among threads without locks.
Imnam Dam (임남댐)
Imnam Dam, also called Geumgangsan Dam, is a dam on the upper Bukhan River in Kangwon-do, North Korea, built for hydroelectric generation and completed in 2003.
Imo (messaging app)
Imo is a free instant messaging and calling application offering text, voice, and video calls over the internet, founded in 2007 with over 200 million users worldwide.
IMO global shipping carbon levy
A proposed mechanism by the International Maritime Organization to price greenhouse gas emissions from large ships on international voyages, drafted in 2025 as part of its Net-Zero Framework.
Imo Incident (임오군란)
The Imo Incident (임오군란, Imo-gunran), also called the Imo Mutiny, was a July 1882 soldiers' revolt in Seoul against the Min clan government and Japanese legation, shifting power to the Daewongun and triggering Qing and Japanese intervention.
IMO Net-Zero Framework
The IMO Net-Zero Framework is a draft set of MARPOL amendments, approved in April 2025, combining a marine fuel standard with emissions pricing for large oceangoing ships.
IMO number
An IMO number is a permanent ship identification number, three letters and seven digits, introduced in 1987 and mandatory since 1996 for most passenger and cargo ships.
IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases
The IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) are standardized English phrases for safety-related ship and shore communication at sea, adopted by the International Maritime Organization in November 2001.
Imo State
Imo State, "Eastern Heartland", is a South-East Nigerian state created 3 February 1976 from East Central State, capital Owerri, 27 LGAs, 5,530 km², predominantly Igbo, governor Hope Uzodimma since 2020, oil and gas and oil-palm economy.
Imogen Cunningham
Imogen Cunningham (1883–1976) was an American photographer known for botanical close-ups such as Magnolia Blossom (1925), portraits for Vanity Fair, and a founding role in Group f/64 in 1932.
Imogen Grant
Imogen Grant (Imogen Daisy Grant, born 1996), British lightweight rower and doctor; Cambridge Boat Race winner, 2018 U23 world champion, Tokyo 2020 fourth, and Paris 2024 Olympic gold medallist in the lightweight double sculls with Emily Craig; MBE.
Imogen Heap
Imogen Heap (born 1977, Havering, London) is a British singer, songwriter, and producer, formerly of Frou Frou, known for Speak for Yourself, Ellipse, two Grammys, the Mi.Mu gloves, and Mycelia.
Imogen Lloyd Webber
Imogen Lloyd Webber (born 1977) is a British author, Emmy-winning broadcaster, producer, and EVP at Concord Theatricals, ABC News royal contributor, and Non-Executive Director of LW Entertainment; distinct from other people named Imogen Webber or Imogen Lloyd.
Imogen Poots
Imogen Poots (Imogen Gay Poots, born 1989) is an English actress known for 28 Weeks Later, Green Room, Vivarium, Outer Range, All of You, Hedda, and starring as Lidia Yuknavitch in Kristen Stewart's The Chronology of Water.