All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
Impetigore
Impetigore (Perempuan Tanah Jahanam) is a 2019 Indonesian folk horror film by Joko Anwar starring Tara Basro as Maya, who inherits a cursed ancestral village house; Indonesia's 2021 Oscar submission with six Citra wins.
Impetus Technologies
Impetus Technologies is a software-led data engineering, analytics, and AI services company founded in 1996, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, serving Fortune 500 clients in the US and Europe.
Imphal
Imphal (ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ), capital of Manipur, India, in a valley at 24°N 94°E; home of Kangla Fort, Ima Keithel women's market, and the 1944 Battle of Imphal; reached via Bir Tikendrajit Airport (IMF), no train yet.
Impi
Impi, Zulu word for an armed body of men and the Zulu Kingdom's army (plural izimpi, amabutho age-regiments, impondo zenkomo bull-horns formation); Shaka's drilled system, famed for the 1879 Isandlwana victory.
Impinj
Impinj is a Seattle-based technology company, founded in 2000 by Chris Diorio and Carver Mead, that sells RAIN RFID chips, readers, and software for wirelessly tracking everyday items.
Implant-based breast reconstruction
Implant-based breast reconstruction, also called implant breast reconstruction, is surgery that rebuilds the breast after mastectomy with a silicone or saline implant, placed directly or after staged tissue expansion.
Implant-Supported Dental Prosthesis
An implant-supported dental prosthesis is a replacement tooth, bridge, or denture supported by titanium implants anchored in the jawbone through osseointegration rather than by natural teeth.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): battery-powered implanted device invented by Mirowski and Mower that detects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers pacing or shocks; first implanted 1980, FDA-approved 1985, shown to cut mortality in MADIT and MADIT II.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation is the surgical placement of a device that detects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and terminates them with pacing or shocks, preventing sudden cardiac death.
Implantable collamer lens implantation
Implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation is a refractive surgery procedure that corrects myopia by placing a phakic intraocular lens between the iris and the natural lens.
Implantable Infusion Pumps
Implantable infusion pumps (implantable intrathecal drug delivery systems): surgically implanted, self-powered pumps delivering chemotherapy or analgesics at controlled rates; first morphine pump 1981, SynchroMed II most used, ~1% flow error, 5.9-year battery life.
Implantable Neurostimulators
Implantable neurostimulators are surgically placed devices that deliver electric stimulation to nerves, the spinal cord, or the brain, used for epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and chronic pain.
Implanted Electrodes
Implanted electrodes are surgically placed conductors that record from or stimulate nerves, brain, or muscle, powering cochlear implants, pacemakers, DBS, and brain-computer interfaces; key issues are electrode-tissue interface impedance, biocompatibility, and long-term reliability.
Implanted telemetry
Implanted telemetry is a laboratory animal physiology method using surgically implanted transmitters to record blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature from conscious, freely moving animals without restraint.
Implantoplasty
Implantoplasty is a dental procedure in which the exposed threads of a titanium implant are removed and polished smooth to retain less plaque during surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.
Implementation
Implementation is the software engineering stage in which a designed system is built and made executable, spanning coding, testing, integration, and deployment into its operational environment.
Implementation and software for sequential Monte Carlo
Implementation and software for sequential Monte Carlo covers the dominant per-particle costs, GPU and CPU parallel resampling, adaptive resampling criteria, and libraries such as SMCTC, LibBi, and particles.
Implementation of international obligations in national law
Implementation of international obligations in national law is the legislative, executive, and administrative measures by which a state gives its treaty duties effect domestically, distinct from ratification.
Implementation of mathematics in set theory
The implementation of mathematics in set theory defines every mathematical object, such as numbers, functions, and ordered pairs, as a set, giving ZFC its foundational role in mathematics.
Implementation shortfall
Implementation shortfall is the total cost of implementing a trading decision, the return difference between a hypothetical paper portfolio and the actual portfolio, introduced by Andre F. Perold in 1988.
Implementation theory
Implementation theory is the branch of economic theory studying when a mechanism, a game of messages, can make equilibrium outcomes match a desired social goal.
Implenia
Implenia is a Swiss construction and real estate company formed in 2006 by the merger of Batigroup and Zschokke, specializing in large-scale tunnelling and underground works.
Implicate and explicate order
Implicate and explicate order are two levels of reality proposed by physicist David Bohm, introduced in 1971 and developed in his 1980 book Wholeness and the Implicate Order.
Implicational propositional calculus
The implicational propositional calculus is the fragment of propositional logic in which the only connective is material implication, with theorems derived from axiom schemas by modus ponens.
Implicit bias of gradient descent
Implicit bias of gradient descent is the tendency of gradient descent to select particular loss-minimizing solutions, such as low-norm or max-margin ones, without explicit regularization.
Implicit contract theory
Implicit contract theory is an economic theory of long-term employment in which unwritten agreements between firms and workers hold wages rigid, explaining layoffs in recessions.
Implicit cost
An implicit cost, also called an imputed or notional cost, is the opportunity cost of resources a firm already owns and uses, such as unpaid owner labor, with no cash payment.
Implicit differentiation
Implicit differentiation is a calculus technique for finding the derivative of a function defined implicitly by an equation, treating y as a function of x via the chain rule.
Implicit function
An implicit function, or implicitly defined function, is a function defined by an equation F(x, y) = 0 rather than an explicit formula y = f(x).
Implicit function theorem
The implicit function theorem is a calculus result stating that an equation can locally be solved for one variable as a differentiable function of the others.