All articles starting with I

In-memory computing

In-memory computing (IMC), also called compute-in-memory, is a computer architecture approach that performs arithmetic inside or adjacent to the memory holding the data, avoiding costly data movement.

In-memory database

An in-memory database (IMDB), also called a RAM database, is a database management system that keeps its primary data in main memory rather than on disk.

Sep 29, 2026

In-memory processing

In-memory processing keeps a workload's data resident in RAM rather than on disk to speed up analytics, transactions, and machine learning, studied since the 1980s in systems like SAP HANA and Spark.

In-N-Out Burger

In-N-Out Burger: American fast-food chain founded 1948 in Baldwin Park, California, by Harry and Esther Snyder as the state's first drive-thru hamburger stand; family-owned by Lynsi Snyder, non-franchised, 400+ locations, fresh never-frozen beef and no freezers or microwaves.

Sep 24, 2026

In-no-chō

The In-no-chō (院庁) was the office administering a retired emperor's household in Japan, which from 1086 served as the organ of cloistered rule under Emperor Shirakawa.

Sep 29, 2026

In-ovo sexing

In-ovo sexing determines the sex of a bird embryo inside the egg before hatching, replacing the culling of day-old male chicks, which reaches about 7 billion worldwide each year.

In-phase and quadrature components

In-phase and quadrature components (I and Q) are the two parts of a bandpass signal that multiply cosine and sine carriers 90 degrees out of phase.

In-pit crushing

In-pit crushing is the practice of crushing run-of-mine rock inside or at the edge of an open pit so it can leave by conveyor instead of haul truck.

In-place algorithm

An in-place algorithm is an algorithm that uses only constant extra space beyond its input, so algorithms like heapsort and quicksort sort without an auxiliary array.

In-plane anisotropy of black phosphorus

In-plane anisotropy of black phosphorus is the direction-dependent behavior of its electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties within its layers, arising from a puckered structure with armchair and zigzag axes.

In-Q-Tel

In-Q-Tel (IQT), originally In-Q-It, is the CIA-founded independent not-for-profit strategic investor created in 1999 with $28.5 million in congressional seed money to invest in startups for U.S. national security, reaching 800 investments and partners including UK and Australia.

In-situ reactive additive manufacturing of titanium matrix composites

In-situ reactive additive manufacturing of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) builds titanium parts by 3D printing while chemical reactions form TiB whiskers and TiC reinforcements in the melt pool.

In-situ recovery

In-situ recovery, also called in-situ leaching, is a uranium mining method that dissolves ore underground with chemically treated solution and pumps the uranium to the surface without excavation.

In-situ tomography

In-situ tomography is a three-dimensional X-ray imaging method in which a sample is scanned repeatedly while a stimulus such as heat, load, or corrosion is applied, producing 4D data.

In-system programming

In-system programming (ISP), also called in-circuit or on-board programming, writes firmware, configuration data, or bitstreams to a device while it is soldered on its printed circuit board, using interfaces such as JTAG, SPI, and SWD.

in-toto

in-toto is a framework for software supply chain security that cryptographically records each step and verifies execution matched a plan, created in 2015 at NYU.

In-vessel retention

In-vessel retention, also called in-vessel melt retention, is a severe accident management strategy that keeps molten reactor core material inside the vessel by cooling it externally with water.

In-wheel motor

An in-wheel motor (IWM), also called a hub motor, is an electric traction motor built inside a vehicle's wheel hub, first used on Ferdinand Porsche's Lohner-Porsche in 1900.

In-yer-face theatre

In-yer-face theatre is a label for the provocative 1990s British drama defined by extreme language and emotional frankness, named widely by critic Aleks Sierz in his 2001 book.

Sep 19, 2026

In.Digg.Nation Collective

In.Digg.Nation Collective is a Jamaican record label and artist management collective founded in 2014 by reggae artist Protoje, home to Protoje, Lila Iké, and Sevana.

In/Spectre (虚構推理)

In/Spectre (虚構推理, Kyokou Suiri) is a Japanese mystery novel series by Kyo Shirodaira, first published 2011, Honkaku Mystery Award winner, adapted into a Chasiba Katase manga and a Brain's Base anime (2020, 2023).

In2Se3

In2Se3 (indium(III) selenide) is a layered van der Waals semiconductor whose α phase keeps stable, electrically switchable ferroelectric polarization in films down to a single monolayer.

Ina Balin

Ina Balin (born Ina Rosenberg), American actress of stage, film, and television (1937–1990), not the Irish composer Ina Boyle; known for From the Terrace, a 1959 Theatre World Award, Golden Globe recognition, and rescuing Vietnamese orphans from Saigon in 1975.

Ina Bauer (element)

Ina Bauer (element): figure skating two-footed edge move with one foot on a forward edge and the other on a parallel backward edge, named for German skater Ina Bauer; used in choreographic sequences and solo ice dance edge elements.

Ina Césaire

Ina Césaire (1942–2025) was a Martinican ethnographer and playwright, daughter of Aimé and Suzanne Césaire, whose stage work is the most extensive by any French Caribbean woman playwright.