All articles starting with I
13,727 articles
INCLINE-AMI trial
INCLINE-AMI (NCT07290699), a phase 4 randomized trial by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, tests recaticimab 450 mg every 12 weeks started within 24 hours of emergency PCI for acute myocardial infarction in 2,442 patients, versus standard statin therapy, over 6 months of treatment and 12-month follow-up.
Inclined plane
An inclined plane is a flat surface tilted at an angle, used as a ramp to raise or lower objects with less force than a vertical lift.
Inclining experiment
The inclining experiment is a ship test that measures lightship displacement and center of gravity by shifting weights across the deck and recording the heel angles.
Inclinometer
An inclinometer, also called a tilt sensor or clinometer, is an instrument that measures tilt relative to gravity, used in leveling, cranes, and landslide monitoring.
Inclisiran
Inclisiran (brand name Leqvio) is a small interfering RNA drug targeting PCSK9 that lowers LDL cholesterol, given by subcutaneous injection twice a year and used with statins in adults with high cholesterol.
Include guard
Include guard: C/C++ preprocessor idiom (#ifndef/#define/#endif, also called header or macro guard) that prevents a header's contents from being processed twice per translation unit, avoiding redefinition errors; contrasted with non-standard #pragma once.
Inclusion (education)
Inclusion in education, or inclusive education, is an approach where all students, including those with disabilities, learn together in mainstream settings while the system adapts to diversity.
Inclusion and alternative multisport Games
Inclusion and alternative multisport Games are multisport events for groups outside elite sport, the clearest documented example being the Gay Games, founded by Tom Waddell in 1982.
Inclusion bodies
Inclusion bodies are circumscribed deposits of foreign or metabolically inactive material in the cytoplasm or nucleus, spanning glycogen and lipid stores, viral replication compartments such as Negri bodies, and amyloid-like bacterial protein aggregates.
Inclusion body myopathy
Inclusion body myopathy (hIBM, hereditary myopathy with rimmed vacuoles) is a GNE-mutation hereditary muscle disease, distinct from sporadic inclusion body myositis, the inflammatory quadriceps and finger flexor myopathy over age 50.
Inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia
IBMPFD, now called multisystem proteinopathy (MSP1 when caused by VCP), is a rare autosomal dominant adult-onset disorder combining inclusion body myopathy, early Paget disease of bone, and frontotemporal dementia, with ALS and parkinsonism also in the spectrum.
Inclusion body myositis
Inclusion body myositis (IBM), also called sporadic inclusion body myositis, is a progressive inflammatory muscle disease beginning after age 50, marked by asymmetric finger-flexor and quadriceps weakness, rimmed vacuoles on biopsy, anti-cN1A antibodies, and resistance to immunosuppression.
Inclusion–exclusion principle
The inclusion–exclusion principle, or sieve principle, is a combinatorial counting formula giving the size of a union of finite sets via an alternating sum of intersections.
Inclusive fitness
Inclusive fitness, from W. D. Hamilton's 1963–1964 papers, measures reproductive success including relatedness-weighted effects on others; basis of kin selection and Hamilton's rule rB > C, contested on additivity grounds.
Inco
Inco, or International Nickel Company, was a Canadian mining company formed in 1902 to work the Sudbury basin's nickel ores, bought by Vale in 2006.
Incode
Incode Technologies, Inc. is a San Francisco-based identity verification and authentication company founded in 2015, offering automated document capture, facial biometrics, and liveness detection, and acquiring Identiq and AuthenticID.
Incogni
Incogni is an automated data removal service created by VPN company Surfshark, launched in 2022, which contacts data brokers and people search sites to request deletion of personal information.
Incognito (TV series)
Incognito is a 2025 Philippine action-drama teleserye by ABS-CBN Studios, directed by Lester Pimentel Ong, about ex-soldiers doing PMC covert missions; not the Derren Brown Channel 4 reality format. 128 episodes, Netflix PH No. 1.
Incoherence
Incoherence (ICD-11 MB25.03) is a formal thought disorder symptom: speech so disorganized it is incomprehensible to others, seen in psychosis, mania, and delirium, historically termed Wortsalat.
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) is an optical technique for detecting trace gases, first reported in 2003, that uses a broadband lamp or LED and a mirror cavity to achieve long path lengths.
Incoherent scatter
Incoherent scatter is a ground-based radar technique measuring electron density, temperatures, and plasma drift throughout the ionosphere; it remains the only ground-based technique observing full-altitude profiles, proposed by W. E. Gordon in 1958.
Incoherent scatter radar
An incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is a high-power, large-aperture radar measuring ionospheric electron density, temperatures, and drifts, proposed in 1958, with about eleven facilities operating worldwide.
Incoloy 825
Incoloy 825, also known as Alloy 825 or UNS N08825, is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy introduced in the 1950s for corrosion resistance, especially to sulfuric acid and sour gas.
Income
Income is the flow of resources a household, person, or sector receives over a period; its definition differs by purpose, changing measured inequality and tax bases.
Income Doubling Plan
The Income Doubling Plan (国民所得倍増計画) was a Japanese government economic plan adopted in 1960 under Prime Minister Ikeda Hayato, targeting a doubling of GNP within ten years.
Income effect
The income effect is the change in the quantity of a good demanded that results from a price change altering the consumer's purchasing power, distinct from the substitution effect.
Income elasticity of demand
Income elasticity of demand, also called Engel elasticity, measures the percentage change in quantity demanded for a percentage change in income, classifying goods as necessities, luxuries, or inferior goods.
Income in India
Income in India is measured nationally by MoSPI through gross and net national income and per capita figures, with per capita net national income at ₹208,090 in 2025-26.
Income in the United Kingdom
Income in the United Kingdom is measured chiefly as household disposable income. Median income was £36,700 in 2024, with large gaps between regions and between rich and poor.
Income inequality in the United States
Income inequality in the United States is the uneven distribution of income among US households, measured by the Gini index, top income shares, and percentile ratios.