All articles starting with I
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International bridges over the Rio Grande
The international bridges over the Rio Grande are the vehicular and rail crossings between Texas and Mexico; a 2001 inventory counted 23 vehicular bridges plus five rail-only spans.
International Brigades
International Brigades: Comintern-organized volunteer military units (1936–1938) of about 40,000 foreign antifascists who fought for the Spanish Republic, notably at Madrid, Jarama, Guadalajara, and the Ebro, disbanded October 1938.
International broadcasting
International broadcasting: radio and TV transmission from one country for foreign audiences, via shortwave, satellite, and internet. Key services include BBC World Service (42 languages, 318m audience), VOA, RFE/RL, and DW, in competition with state-backed RT and Chinese media.
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) is a labor union representing about 901,000 electrical and communications workers in the United States and Canada, founded in 1891.
International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters, or Teamsters Union, is a North American labor union founded in 1903, representing about 1.25 million workers in trucking and warehousing.
International Building Code
The International Building Code (IBC) is a model building code published by the International Code Council, first published in 2000 and adopted in some form in every U.S. state.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures, or Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, is the intergovernmental organization that maintains the SI and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
International business
International business is business activity that crosses national borders, covering trade, investment, and cross-border operations; its central actor is the multinational enterprise, though exporting alone qualifies.
International Business Exchange
International Business Exchange (IBX) is the brand Equinix uses for its carrier-neutral colocation data centers, where customers install their own hardware and interconnect directly with networks and cloud providers.
International Celestial Reference Frame
The International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) is the official realization of the International Celestial Reference System, defined by quasar positions measured with very long baseline interferometry since 1998.
International Centre for Automotive Technology
The International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT) is an Indian automotive testing, certification, and homologation center at Manesar, Haryana, established in 2006 under the government's NATRiP project.
International Centre for Diffraction Data
The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD), founded in 1941 and based in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, is a non-profit organization publishing the Powder Diffraction File database of powder diffraction data.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is a World Bank Group institution, established in 1966, that arbitrates investment disputes between states and foreign investors.
International Centre for Theoretical Physics
International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), also called the Abdus Salam ICTP, is a research institute in Trieste, Italy, founded in 1964 by Nobel laureate Abdus Salam under a UNESCO-IAEA-Italy agreement to build scientific capacity in developing countries.
International Champions Cup
International Champions Cup (ICC), annual preseason friendly soccer tournament founded 2013 by Stephen M. Ross's Relevent Sports; record 109,318 crowd in Michigan 2014; Real Madrid and PSG among winners.
International Chemistry Olympiad
International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO): annual chemistry competition for secondary-school students, founded 1968 in Prague. Teams of up to 4 students plus 2 mentors from 80+ countries sit 5-hour theoretical and practical exams; medals by individual score percentiles.
International Chess Federation
The International Chess Federation, known as FIDE, is the world governing body for chess, founded in Paris in 1924 and seated in Lausanne, Switzerland. It awards titles such as Grandmaster and organizes the World Chess Championship.
International Chopin Piano Competition
The International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition (Konkurs Chopinowski), founded 1927 in Warsaw by Jerzy Żurawlew, is a five-yearly piano competition devoted solely to Chopin's music, won in 2025 by Eric Lu; the 1980 Pogorelich affair is its most famous judging controversy.
International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations specialized agency, created by the 1944 Chicago Convention and headquartered in Montréal, that sets international aviation standards.
International Classification of Diseases
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the World Health Organization's international standard for coding diseases and causes of death; its current revision, ICD-11, took effect in 2022.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the World Health Organization's classification for describing and measuring functioning and disability, endorsed by all 191 Member States in 2001.
International Cocoa Organization
The International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) is an intergovernmental body established in 1973 and headquartered in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, that administers the International Cocoa Agreement and publishes cocoa statistics.
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN, Botanical Code): rulebook for naming these organisms; current 18th edition is the Madrid Code (2025), superseding the Shenzhen Code (2018).
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), also called the Cultivated Plant Code, regulates cultivar, Group, grex, and graft-chimaera names, with its ninth edition published in 2016.
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP, Prokaryotic Code): ICSP-administered rules for naming bacteria and archaea; valid publication requires deposited type strains; 2022 revision added phylum rank; SeqCode covers uncultivated taxa.
International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels
The International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) is a mandatory IMO safety standard for ships using gas or low-flashpoint fuels, adopted in 2015.
International Code of Signals
The International Code of Signals, also called INTERCO, is an IMO-published system letting ships, aircraft, and shore authorities exchange safety messages by flag, light, sound, or radio when they share no language.
International Coffee Day
International Coffee Day, marked 1 October, began as an ICO campaign in 2015 and became a UN observance by General Assembly resolution 80/248 in March 2026, celebrating coffee and its 25 million farming households.
International Coffee Organization
The International Coffee Organization (ICO) is an intergovernmental body seated in London that administers the International Coffee Agreement, created in 1962, with 49 members representing 93% of world coffee production.
International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics
The International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics (ICGTMP) is a conference series on group theory and symmetry in physics, founded in Marseille in 1972.